凹坑

A nonlinear eddy-viscosity turbulent flow model, which adopted third-order correlation of stress tensor and strain tensor, was modified and applied to flow computing of turbulent flow of internal combustion engine.

把采用了应力张量和应变张量的三阶相关关系的一个非线性涡粘度湍流模型进行修正后应用于内燃机缸内湍流流动计算，用此模型对几种ω形凹坑燃烧室内燃机汽缸内的流动进行计算，特别考查不同结构燃烧室内各处的湍能的变化，给出了燃烧室结构对缸内湍能影响结果，结果表明，凹坑结构时内燃机缸内湍能的分布和平均湍能的大小影响很大，可适当调整燃烧室结构来改变缸内湍流结构。

Using scanning electron microscope we discovered that,compared to the diamonds from no-sulfur system,the diamonds from sulfur-contained system have hexoctahedron shape,but its surface has many small pit s.

借助于扫描电子显微镜，研究发现，与不含硫体系合成的金刚石相比，含硫体系合成的晶体虽然具备六八面体形状，但是表面有许多小的凹坑，这些凹坑多数分布在{111}面上。

There were many concave hollows and convex domes with seta on the surfaceof pincer, and some spines were observed on the surface of seta, which exhibited non-smoothsurface.

在螯的表面存在微小凹坑和半圆微凸起，在凹坑内和微凸起周围有刚毛，刚毛上有小刺，呈非光滑表面。

If the pit and striation are caused by poor processing, try best not to purchase this kind of stone.

我们把加工好的石材表面对着太阳光或日光灯，观察反光面就可以清楚发现如图所示的各种凹坑和条痕，对于那些无规则的细小凹坑可能是由石材组成矿物的一些自身缺陷造成的，可以不去考虑，而如果在石材的表面发现一些有规律的条痕，则是由于加工质量较差造成的，选购时应尽量避免这样的石材。

As the results, the surface with appropriately designed regular concave had better lubrication behavior, otherwise, the lubrication behavior would be worsened if the concaves were too large or small.

给出了一个研究规则凹坑对表面摩擦性能影响的三销环试验方案，考察了面接触下不同尺寸的规则凹坑对表面润滑性能的影响。

The results show that the concave structure ameliorates the surface stress distribution of the non-smooth sample, makes the local stress between concaves less apparently than that of the smooth sample, that means the local low stress areas are formed on the non-smooth surface.

结果表明：在受力状态下，仿生非光滑凹坑改善了试样表面的应力分布，使非光滑试样表面凹坑间的区域局部应力明显小于光滑试样表面的应力，即产生了局部低应力区。

The results show that the concave structure ameliorates the surface stress distribution of the nonsmooth sample,makes the local stress between concaves less apparently than that of the smooth sample,that means the local low stress areas are formed on the nonsmooth surface.

结果表明：在受力状态下，仿生非光滑凹坑改善了试样表面的应力分布，使非光滑试样表面凹坑间的区域局部应力明显小于光滑试样表面的应力，即产生了局部低应力区。

As to electroplated bond, craters formed in front of diamond grits, shallow groove occurred beside diamond grits, and slope bond followed diamond grits.

结合剂的磨损为：在金刚石颗粒的前方形成较深的凹坑，两侧形成较浅的凹坑，金刚石磨粒的后面则形成结合剂的隆起。

And some are caused because the grinding stone the grain grade is not reasonable or not polished so well.

肉眼看来光洁如镜的花岗石石材的表面，在反光显微镜下和扫描电子显微镜下可以看出石材表面都存在在磨抛加工后所留下的凹坑和条痕，这些凹坑和条痕有的是在目前的加工条件下无法克服的由矿物本身的缺陷而造成的，有的则是因为在加工过程中由于磨石粗细等级不合理或磨抛不彻底所造成的。

Theoretical analysis reveals that the formation of flower-like splats results from the interaction of surface tension, inhomogeneity of thermal contact resistance between flattening drop and substrate and substrate crater. The formation of the craters on the substrate is mainly controlled by substrate melting.

理论分析表明，&花瓣状&层片的形成是熔体表面张力、熔体与基底接触热阻的不均匀性和基底凹坑相互作用的结果；基底凹坑的形成主要由基底熔化所控制。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。