凯恩斯

As Gauti Eggerstsson recently explained in the American Economic Review, Hoover's adherence to the gold standard, and his determination to keep government small and raise taxes to try to balance the budget, created a rational expectation of continued economic contraction, dampening the economy's animal spirits.

正如 Gauti Eggerstsson 最近在《美国经济评论》上解释的那样：胡佛，他坚守"金本位"；他坚定信心，保持"小政府"（这也就没有凯恩斯主义的"刺激"了）；他提高税收，以期平衡预算，从而创造了"经济持续收缩"的理性预期，沮丧了经济的动物精神。

An elderly female, no more young, left the building of the courts of chancery, king's bench, exchequer and common pleas, having heard in the lord chancellor's court the case in lunacy of Potterton, in the admiralty division the summons, exparte motion, of the owners of the Lady Cairns versus the owners of the barque Mona, in the court of appeal reservation of judgment in the case of Harvey versus the Ocean Accident and Guarantee Corporation.

287一位上了岁数、不再年轻的妇女正从大法院、高等法院、税务法庭和高级民事法院共用的大厦里踱了出来。她刚在大法官主持的法庭里旁听了波特顿神经错乱案；在海事法庭上聆听了"凯恩斯夫人号"船主们对"莫纳号"三桅帆船船主们一案的申诉以及当事者一方的辩解；在上诉法庭，倾听了法庭所做关于暂缓审判哈维与海洋事故保险公司一案的决定。

Finally, more than 1,700 kilometres from Brisbane,we reach the unspectacular city of Cairns.

最后，在离布里斯班一千七百多公里的地方，我们来到了并不起眼的城市凯恩斯。

And here's something that is still more surprising, the profession did not suddenly wake up and return to the progressive tradition of Cassel and Hawtrey and Fisher, Robertson, Keynes, Wicksell, etc.

而更出奇的是，经济学界并没有清醒过来、返回到卡塞尔和哈特利（还有费雪、罗伯森、凯恩斯、维克赛尔等等）进步的传统中来。

Nevertheless, propped up by his indulgent family and by a loan from the coolly acute financier Sir Ernest Cassel, he persevered in his speculation

无论如何，得益于其家庭的骄纵，并因从Ernest Cassel先生---一位敏锐稳重的金融家处获得一笔借款，凯恩斯依然坚持其投机活动。

Keynes compared them to "those newspaper competitions in which the competitors have to pick out the six prettiest faces from a hundred photographs, the prize being awarded to the competitor whose choice most nearly corresponds to the average preferences of the competitors as a whole; so that each competitor has to pick, not those faces which he himself finds prettiest, but those that he thinks likeliest to catch the fancy of the other competitors."

凯恩斯把金融市场比作"报纸上举行的某种比赛。比赛的规则是参赛者必须从一百张相片中挑出六张最漂亮的脸孔，但是大奖将被授予这样的参赛者，他选的脸孔，最最贴近参赛者全体挑选的平均脸孔；因此，每一个参赛者在挑选时，都不应挑选那些他自己认为最漂亮的脸孔，而应挑选那些他认为最可能讨其他参赛者喜欢的脸孔。"

The ideology that stimulates effctual demand to assure full employment for Keynes and the "single rule" for Fridman who be representative of the modern monetarism, both of them were affected by Malthus' economic thought to a large extent,and has the direct inside contact for Malthus' principle of requirement and stabilize the administrant thought of circulating medium demand.

凯恩斯提出的刺激有效需求以保证充分就业的思想和现代货币主义的代表弗里德曼的"单一规则"在很大程度上都受马尔萨斯经济思想的影响。与马尔萨斯需求原理和稳定通货需求管理思想都有直接的内在联系。本文试就他们之间的内在联系进行分析。

Based on China' s stylized facts behind foreign trade and a brief review of trade theories in new classicalism, Keynesianism, monetarism and intertemporal approach of current account , a theoretical model is built.

在新古典主义、凯恩斯主义、货币主义和八十年代以后的新古典宏观经济学的带动下，理论界对贸易余额的研究方向也不断发展和完善，尽管这样，仅仅靠这些理论还不足以解释类似中国所经历的贸易顺差问题。

Keynesian economics has been "proved false," Cochrane, of the University of Chicago,says.

芝加哥大学的 Cochrane ，就说：凯恩斯经济学已经"证明是错误的了"。

Some of them really should have a Keynesian expansionary type policy, rather than concretionary type policy, while the IMF always places the same kind of requirements on all countries.

换句话说，各国的情况有很大的不同，一些国家实际上需要的是凯恩斯式的扩张性金融政策而不是收缩性的政策，但国基组织总是对所有国家都提出同样的要求。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。