几百...

This project was established based on the first cooperative development of optical in situ real time detecting technique probing the atomic scale layer-by-layer epitaxy growth of oxide film. Over the last three years, we have given full play to the advantages and characteristics of both sides and have finished the assumptions and plans of this subject satisfactorily. 1. In Institute of Physics, we set up advanced oblique-incidence reflectivity difference equipment and wrote one data acquisition procedure that made the simultaneous detection of optical signal and RHEED signal into reality. 2. The first observation of sustained oscillations over hundreds of monolayers in both real and imaginary signals during the epitaxy growth of SrNb0.1Ti0.9O3 on SrTiO3 substrate in LMBE testifies that oblique-incidence is an excellent method to detect and monitor film epitaxy growth real time. 3. For the first time, we verify that oblique-incidence reflectivity difference method can be used to monitor the layer-by-layer growth mode during continuous growth through the correspondence between optical signals to atomic or molecular step edge density on the growth surface. 4. Phenomenological analysis shows that optical signals comprise three parts, the first is proportional to the average thickness of the film and depends on the bulk phase dielectric response; the second is proportional to the coverage of terraces and depends on the dielectric response of atoms or unit cells in the terrace; the third is proportional to the coverage of step edges and depends on the effective dielectric response of atoms or unit cells at step edges. This makes oblique-incident reflectivity difference technique a quantitative macroscopic method to monitor film growth.

中文摘要：本课题是在合作首次发展了氧化物薄膜原子尺度层状外延生长光学原位实时探测方法的基础上立项的，三年来，我们充分发挥双方的优势和特点，圆满完成了课题的设想和计划。1、在物理所建立了一套先进的光反射差法装置，编写了计算机系统的数据采集程序，实现了两路光学信号和RHEED数据的同步采集和显示。2、用激光分子束外延在SrTiO3基底上生长SrNb0.1Ti0.9O3薄膜，首次观测到连续外延几百个原胞层，周期振荡的光反射差实部和虚部信号，证明了光反射差法是一种能原位实时探测与监控薄膜层状外延生长的好方法。3、首次验证了通过对生长表面原子或分子台阶密度的响应，光反射差法可用于原位实时监测在连续生长条件下薄膜的层式生长模式。4、通过唯象理论的研究，证明光反射差信号由三项组成，第一项只与薄膜的平均厚度和宏观光学电介质常数有关；第二项与分子台阶面覆盖度和台阶面上分子层的光学电介质常数有关；第三项与台阶边缘的覆盖度成正比，并和在台阶边缘的分子的有效光学介电常数有关。

Dai Zhikang: The greatest pleasure is the achievement feeling that he has a kind of spirit to go up in Internet, because open guest of a rich to have what fun for instance to him, actually he makes the fun on spirit of a stationmaster may be hundreds of times very consummate and thousandfold prep above you keep customer of a rich, because there are a flock of population mouths to call him the old in succession over there him, keep on saying is supporting him, he is here the face is a small kingdom same, the small kingdom on spirit, he is opinion cacique, he comes out to say a word has a lot of people to come out to support, he feels in actual life cannot come true, there are 20 people here for instance, I say you should hear what word, very difficult, the spirit that so it did not implement a lot of in actual life is contented feeling.

戴志康：最大的乐趣是他在互联网中有一种精神上的成就感，因为对他来说比如开一个博客有什么乐趣，其实他做一个站长精神上的乐趣可能是几百倍甚至上千倍高于你写一个博客，因为他那里有一群人口口声声叫他老大，口口声声在支持他，他在这里面就是一个小王国一样，精神上的小王国，他是意见领袖，他出来说一句话就有很多人出来顶，他觉得在现实生活中实现不了的，比如我这里有20个人，我说什么话你们都要听着，很难，所以它实现了很多在现实生活中实现不了的精神满足感。

But even largermoleculeswith several hundred atoms aretoo small to be seen w ith the best op tical m icroscope.

但是，即使有几百个原子的分子也是太小了，用最好的光学显微镜也看不见他们。

Everyone makes good, often fabulous, money, except "Li Mei", his composite assembly-line toymaker. She travelled hundreds of miles from west China to earn money for her family.

每个人都从中赚到大量的钱，但不包括李梅，她是个从几百里外的中国西部来给家里赚钱的生产线女工。

This kind of tradition can trace back to several a hundred years ago.

这种传统可以追溯到几百年前。

Still some believe, centuries ago, on the day after Christmas, members of the merchant class would give boxes containing food and fruit, clothing, and/or money to tradespeople and servants.

还有一些人认为，几百年前，在圣诞节后的这一天，商店的店主们会将装有食品和水果，衣服和钱或是只有其一的盒子赠与顾客和仆人。

Dutch Schultz of the 82nd Airborne was one of hundreds who refused to be evacuated because of trench foot.

第82空降师杜奇·舒尔茨是几百个拒绝因为战壕足而撤离者之一。

Her new house, just a few hundred yards away, has a two-car garage and "all the amenities".

而她现在的房子就在几百码之外，拥有能容纳两辆汽车的车库和"所有的的舒适设备"。

Zhuhe Township is hundreds of miles - and seems hundreds of years - away from China's rapidly growing, ultramodern cities.

竹核乡离中国快速发展和超现代的城市有几百公里远―――看起来似乎有成百上千年的距离。

Specific applications include de novo sequencing and re-sequencing of genomes, metagenomics, RNA analysis, and targeted sequencing of DNA regions of interest. The hallmarks of 454 Sequencing? are its simple, unbiased sample preparation and long, highly accurate sequence reads, including paired reads.

具体的应用包括基因组的从头测序和重测序、宏基因组学、RNA分析和DNA目标区域的定向测序。454测序系统的特点是样品制备简单且无偏向性，读长超长且准确度高。454测序系统的技术已经催生了各个研究领域的几百项经同行评议的研究文章，例如癌症和传染病研究、药物筛选、海洋生物学、人类学、古生物学等各方面研究。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。