几何化

Then, the relations between the general nonlinear systems and its adjoint system were discussed, from which the sufficient and necessity conditions for exact linearization of general nonlinear control systems were obtained.

近20年来，由于微分几何等数学工具的引入，非线性控制系统的理论取得了长足的进展［1］，其中包括仿射非线性系统的精确线性化［2～4］。

By observing and analyzing 3D structure of apple flower and inflorescence, we raised the 3D structure mathematical model of anthocaulus, receptacle, calyx, petal, androecium and pistil.

为了实现对苹果花及花序三维形态结构的交互设计、几何建模和真实感现实，提出了精确描述苹果花序三维形态结构的数学模型及可视化方法。

The so-call'exportable equation'is found by nonlinear geometry method for general non-autonomous chaotic control systems which coefficient matrix of control term is functional matrix contained system variables. The homeomorphic transformation of coordinate is found under specified conditions, the coefficient matrix of control term can be transformed as constant matrix, the synchronization among chaotic systems can be realized by common control methods.

针对一般的非自治混沌控制系统中控制项系数矩阵是含有系统变量的函数矩阵，利用非线性几何线性化的方法找出所谓的"输出方程"，在一定的条件下求出坐标的同胚变换，将控制项系数矩阵变换为常矩阵，然后利用常规的控制方法进行混沌系统之间的同步化。

Based upon the assumptions of small deformation, the unretractility of the beam's axis and the inextensibility of the plate's neutral surface ("the method of geometrical deformation constraint"), we can obtain the geometrically nonlinearized formulae of the beams and plates. Accordingly, the "dynamic stiffening terms"would be naturally cooperated into the dynamic equations of flexible multibody system if combined with the linerization of kinematic parameters at the proper stage.

利用杆类柔性体轴线的不可伸缩性和板类柔性体在中面内的不可伸展性，并结合小变形的假设，从而可获得杆类和板类的几何非线性变形表达式；以此为基础，在适当阶段对运动学参量进行线性化处理，可确保"动力刚化项"在建立柔性多体系统动力学方程过程中自然地形成。

It describes the color characteristic of device accurately through constructing the geometric model and builds gamut mapping model in the section plane of gamut by dissecting. The improvement of image characteristic obtaining at real time satisfies the application and supports the adaptive gamut mapping. The sampling and visualization of sample set in different color space show the optic difference and give the error analysis of the color conversion between them. Based on the study of the color relation among the color spaces, the visualizing color can be created automatically with conversion formulas.

该工具在获取彩色输入／输出设备彩色特性的基础上，通过构建几何模型对设备色域进行了精确描述；利用对色域的剖分操作，构造基于剖面的色域匹配模型；通过改善图象彩色特性获取的实时性，使其能有效获取图象源的特征并满足色彩管理的应用需求，支持了自适应色域匹配；对不同色彩空间样本的采集和对比显示有效体现了色彩的视觉差别，并提供了它们之间转换的误差分析；在探究不同色彩空间的颜色对应关系的基础上，实现了可视化的真彩颜色的自动生成，使可视化颜色更加逼真。

Meshes are built which mainly are uncontinuous, complete unconstructed hexahedron, partially unconstructed polyhedron, near wall boundary layer mesh is adopted which can fit complicated geometry surface of cooling system well and guarantee mesh quality, in addition partial refinement technology is used to make mesh better in some key location.

网格主体采用非连续的、完全非结构化的六面体，部采用非结构化的多面体网格，对于壁面附近采用边界层网格处理，这样网格既能很好地适应冷却系统复杂的几何表面，又进一步了保证网格质量，另外利用局部加密技术对重点区域进行处理使网格更加完善。

The catalytic performance of all the amorphous alloy catalysts mentioned above was measured during liquid phase hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol, together with the kinetic studies. The relationship between the catalyst performance and the structure of catalyst, surface electronic state of the amorphous alloy has been systematically studied based on a series of characterization of catalysts . Meanwhile, the promoting effects of the support on the thermal stability and catalytic activity of the amorphous alloy catalysts have been discussed.

本文采用一系列的表征方法(XRD、XPS、TEM、BET、氢吸附、TPD等)进一步研究非晶态合金催化剂的表面结构、表面电子态和催化性能之间的关系，探索电子效应和几何效应对催化剂活性中心结构的影响，探索非晶态合金的晶化失活和载体对非晶态结构的稳定化作用，以及修饰剂对催化性能的改善作用等。

First, the geometry optimization for 1-phenyldibenzophosphole and triphenylphosphine were carried out using quantum chemical AM1 method.

用量子化学AM1方法优化了1-苯基二苯并膦和三苯基膦的几何构型，比较了两种化合物的电子结构和空间结构，发现PDBP作为羰基合成铑膦催化剂的配体要优于三苯基膦；系统研究了PDBP的合成方法，其最佳合成条件为：在无水无氧的条件下，采用二乙胺锂与溴化四苯基膦摩尔比为3，反应温度为22 ℃，反应5 h，反应后酸化， pH值为1～2，产物收率可达到85％～88％。

To realize the parametrical design of pipe die for extrusion, a parametrical design language with friendly graphic user interface was combined with the APDL language (Ansys Parametric Design Language) provided by ANSYS software, and then the flow fields was analyzed.

本课题为机头设计提供了一种方法，即利用具有良好图形用户界面的参数化设计语言，结合ANSYS有限元软件自带的APDL（Ansys Parametric Design Language）语言，实现了芯棒式管材挤出机头流道的参数化设计，并利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对其流场进行模拟计算和分析，以获得较为适宜的机头几何参数。

Aiming at the problem in the existing voxelization algorithms, a block-based algorithm is presented: GPU clipping method is used to voxelize the surface in every block, and ray intersection method is adopted to generate seeds filling the inner/outer space of blocks; among blocks, three seed planes are designed to help seeds span the blocks, so that a great deal computation for intersection is avoided.

提出以分块为基础的高分辨率实体体素化算法：在分块内部，采用基于图形处理器(Graphics Processing Unit， GPU)的切面光栅法对分块表面体素化过程进行加速，采用射线求交方式生成种子并进行块内填充；在分块之间，设计了3方向的种子扩散面及跨块扩散机制，避免因分块而导致的大量几何求交运算，提高了效率。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐