几何光学

In fact, human eyes are complex optical systems including many interfaces. Each interface has the complex geometric properties and optical characteristics.

从光学角度而言，人眼是一个有多个界面的复杂光学系统，每一个界面都具有复杂的几何特征和光学特性。

Firstly, the infrared optical system was usually designed to large-sized relative aperture system by reason of the target detected by the system was far, and weak radiant energy. However, the infrared image was suffered from geometric distortions due to wide-angle design of the infrared optical system.

为了获得更多的辐射能量，红外光学系统一般设计为大相对口径系统，这就不可避免的造成光学上像差校正的困难，进而导致红外图像的几何畸变。

A series of sulfanilamide group substituted derivatives were optimized on the basis of the semi-empirical quantum chemistry PM3 method.

以量子化学半经验PM3法对含磺胺基的一类有机化合物分子进行了几何构型优化，计算了分子的二阶非线性光学系数和电子转移，讨论了磺胺基在非线性光学材料设计中的特点和作用以及不同的取代基及取代位置对分子二阶非线性光学系数的影响

Kinds of Schiff base derivatives of 2-N-benzylidene Furanmethanamine have been designed. The Net Charges of main atoms, bond lengths, bond angles, dihedral angles, IR have been calculated by means of HyperChem6. 0 program. 36 kinds of Schiff base derivatives of benzylidene adenine have been designed. Also the net charges of main atoms, bond lengths, bond angles, dihedral angles, IR, the energy gap △E between HOMO and LUMO and the nonlinear second-order polarizability β have been calculated by means of HyperChem6. 0 program. The calculated results indicated that the nonlinear second-order polarizability β were up in accordance with the △E down.

设计了腺嘌呤缩苯甲醛36种衍生物，计算了这些分子的气相几何，腺嘌呤缩苯甲醛中各原子的电荷分布，最高占有轨道HOMO和最低未占有轨道LUMO的能量以及它们之间的能量差△E，同时还计算了这些分子的二阶非线性极化率β，我们发现腺嘌呤缩苯甲醛的二阶非线性光学系数与△E有近似一致的变化关系，随着△E的减小，二阶非线性光学系数有增大的趋势。

The relation of the minimal deflection angle with the refractive index of glass microsphere is obtained on the basis of geometric optic theory, and the domain of the refractive index is analyzed when the retroreflective capability of the glass microsphere reflection pellicle is in the best condition. The relation of the intensity of illumination with the deflection angle is given.

根据几何光学原理，得到了玻璃微珠最小偏转角与折射率关系的表达式，分析了玻璃微珠回向反射特性最佳时的折射率范围；给出了接收面上的光照度与偏转角的关系方程。

Based on the Lorentz-Mie theory, the single scattering characteristics of multi-dispersed spherical and multi-layered spherical particles are studied. The extinction coefficients, scattering coefficients, single albedos, single scattering phase functions and asymmetry factors of different clouds are presented. Numerical results for single scattering of spherical and non-spherical particles are obtained in the approximation of geometrical optics. The single scattering phase matrixes of non-spherical aerosols are calculated by using the T matrix method.

基于洛伦茨-米理论研究了服从一定尺寸分布的球形和多层球形粒子的单次散射特性，计算了各种不同类型云层的消光系数、散射系数、单次散射反照率、单次散射相函数以及不对称因子；利用几何光学方法计算了球形、非球形粒子的单次散射特性；利用T矩阵方法计算了非球形气溶胶的单次散射相矩阵。

Some applied examples show that the differential relationship not only contains fundamental content in geometrical optics, such as the three laws of geometrical optics, imaging formula of single spheric face, but is another form of differential equation of the light ray.

通过应用示例可见，此微分关系式包含了几何光学的3个实验定律和球面镜成像公式等，而且是光线方程的另一种表达形式。

Based on the geometrical optics, the thesis first analyzes the basic principles of out-of-focus, summarizes the basic flow of automatic focusing, points out that focusing evaluation function and focusing control strategy are two basic technologies in automatic focusing of image method. The thesis lists most of focusing evaluation functions and explains how to implement different control strategies.

本文首先用几何光学理论分析了离焦产生的基本原理，深入研究了图像法自动调焦的关键技术，指出调焦评价函数和调焦控制策略的选取是图像法自动调焦的两项核心技术，并按类别介绍了已有的各种调焦评价函数、控制策略实现方法。

Based on the Kolmogorov spectrum, the expressions are derived for time-averaging factors associated with atmospheric scintillations of unbounded plane wave and spherical wave, in the weak turbulence regime.

基于科尔莫戈罗夫谱，导出了弱湍流起伏区无限平面波和球面波的大气闪烁时间平滑因子的一般表达式，并且用几何光学近似得到了在大孔径和小孔径接收情况下的时间平滑因子近似表达式。

Based on the mathematical model and the Romberg numerical integrating algorithm, an array with 40 sets of data was obtained to describe the aspheric surfaces. By fitting the data with the method of the nonlinear least square, the sag's analytical equations of aspheric surfaces were obtained.

根据基于几何光学原理导出的系统理论模型，采用龙贝格数值积分算法得到40组描述非球面的数据，非线性最小二乘法拟合数据，获得两个非球面矢高解析式。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。