几何元素

Taking geometry structural analogue method, analysis landscape spatial network structure, visual section form, landscape elements and their arrangement rule, detail characteristics in particular, using landscape planning as the main analytical tool, we analyze and assess the traditional landscape quality in Xitang in a thorough way.

采用几何结构模拟的图示解剖手段，从景观的空间网络结构、视觉断面形态、景观元素及其空间排列方式，尤其是细部特征等，运用景观规划作为分析工具，对古镇西塘的传统景观特质进行了全面的分析和评价。

Some geometric data of ellipse in hyperbolic space are considered, such as set inclusion, arc length, geodesic curvature, curvature, area and total curvature.

摘要在双曲空间中，考察椭圆的包含关系，对弧长元素、测地曲率、曲率、面积及全曲率等几何量做出细致考察。

With respect to phonetics, Distinctive Features for the phonetic syncopation of spatial information are extracted based on Bertin's retinal variables. The importance of geographic reality, cognitive laws and geometric laws in the syncopation is pointed out following the thorough inspection of the physical characteristics of spatial information and a phonetic hierarchy of phoneme、 phoneme combination is proposed after the summarization of different methods of syncopation in Psychology, Pattern Recognition, Mathematic Morphology and Cartography, which provides linguistic interpretation for cartographic symbol design and understanding. With respect to the property that map symbol is represented as the combination of attribute and geometry in digital form of spatial information, suprasegmental phoneme as unit is proposed which deals with the high level phonetic units and their structure with the bend of curve and the simple area of complex area as primitive.

在语音结构方面，基于Bertin的视觉变量，提取了产生空间信息语音切分的区别特征；对空间信息的物理特征进行了详尽分析，指出了地理真实、认知规律和几何规律在语音切分中的重要作用；在总结心理学、模式识别、数学形态学和地图学等相关切分理论的基础上，提出了空间信息音位系统以及音位组合规律，为地图符号设计与理解提供了语言学解释；针对地图符号通常在空间信息中表现为属性和形态相结合的特点，提出在超音段音位层次上重点关注以线切分单元——弯曲和复杂面切分单元——弯曲构成的简单面为基本元素的语音高级层次及其结构。

The works in the project just done can be summarized as five respects.(1) A device was designed to fabricate the asymmetrical resonant cavities by a pendant drop. A series ARCs with variable parameters provides a valuable experimental method for investigating the characteristics of ARCs.(2) The relationship between the number of active modes and the shape parameters in an ARC was investigated. The experimental lasing threshold was compared with theoretical result, the good agreement between two shown that it was the decrease of the number of active modes in an ARC that decreased lasing threshold.(3) Dye lasing gain was used to enhance the signals of stimulated Raman scattering of the weak gain Raman modes in a circular cavity made by a pendant drop, the instantaneous SRS spectra of weak gain Raman modes in ethanol was obtained by this new method.(4) The SRS signals of minority compound in a binary chemical complex was obtained by using dye lasing gain method. The detection concentration of minority compound was reduced to an order compared with normal SRS method.(5) A cylindrical circular cavity was formed by a liquid jet, which was used to reduce the pump intensity required for laser induced plasma spectroscopy. The limit of detection of trace element in aqueous sample was greatly decreased by this new method.

我们设计并成功制作了使悬垂液滴连续变形的装置，用此装置可以方便地改变非圆对称谐振腔的几何参数，为ARCs的研究提供了一种有效的实验方法；研究了ARCs中活性模式数和变形参数间的变化规律，激光阈值的数值计算结果和激光辐射的实验结果作了比较，二者吻合的曲线说明ARCs中活性模式数量的减少是受激辐射放大阈值降低的原因；在由单元化合物构成的微型圆对称谐振腔中，首次尝试用"激光增益"增强弱增益拉曼模式的受激拉曼散射信号，获得了乙醇分子中弱增益拉曼模式的瞬态SRS光谱；在由二元混合物构成的微型圆对称谐振腔中，用染料的激光增益增强了少量化合物的SRS信号，把少量化合物的SRS信号探测浓度降低了近一个数量级，在SRS应用于瞬态过程的组份分析方面做了卓有成效的探索；用石英毛细管形成的稳定液拄构成拄形谐振腔，降低了激光诱导等离子体光谱需要的激励能量，有效地降低了水相样品的痕量元素分析极限，为LIPS应用于微量元素的化学分析开拓了一条新的技术路线。

The structural evolution properties of transition metal clusters containing from 13 to 60000 atoms are investigated by means of the Gupta potential combined with the steepest descent method. Four typical structural motifs are considered: icosahedron, decahedron, face centered cubic octahedron, and hexagonal close-packed.

采用Gupta原子间相互作用势结合最速下降法，对四种典型几何结构：Ih、Dh、Fcc-oct及Hcp，研究了尺寸介于13到60000个原子之间的同族元素Co、Rh与Ir团簇的结构演化特性。

Traditional art pattern design is based on Euclidean geometry, using aesthetics methods and form principles, disposing modeling element.

传统的艺术图案设计是以欧氏几何为造型基础，通过运用美学原理和构图规则，对造型元素进行处理所产生的图案。

They are both independent of scene structure and are determined by camera internal parameters and relative pose among images. The concepts and characteristics of fundamental matrix and trifocal tensor are described.

基本矩阵和三视张量分别表示两张和三张像片之间的内部投影几何关系，它与场景结构无关，由摄像机内方位元素和像片间摄像机的相对姿态唯一确定。

This paper discusses the kernel of the system -- geometric model and includes the following:(1) The topological elements and the relation between them in geometric modeling system are explained and expressed by the theory of simplicial complex and CW-complex. In addition, the identification operators and homology theory in algebraic topology are used in our model. A hierarchical structure is built on the base of complex.

本文主要讨论这个系统的核心问题——几何建模问题，包括以下几个方面内容：(1)用单纯复形和CW复形的理论来解释和表达造型系统中的拓扑元素和拓扑元素之间的相关关系，并将代数拓扑中的粘合操作和同调论应用到模型中，建立以复形为基础的层次结构。

According to the differences in chemical and structural characters of WO42- and MoS42- the actions of them to separator molecular such as bonding, hydrophile/hydrophobia and geometry are discussed by using mineral flotation as reference.

以相似元素钨和钼的分离为例，根据WO42-和MoS42-的结构特征，从价键因素、亲水-疏水因素、几何因素等方面分析了它们与吸附剂的作用，成功选择了有色金属硫化物作为选择性吸附剂，实现钨和钼的高效分离，并进一步探讨了吸附剂的改性优化和其它类似元素的深度分离问题。

In order to disclosure the reason why the electrocatalysis activeness and selectivity droped after being used several hundred hours continuously, the x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscope have been used to characterize the surface condition variations of Monel metal. The results indicated: Monel metal belongs to the Cu-Ni alloy around the electrolysis experiment.And after being used for 600hr, the surface layer element composition and geometry distribution of the alloy changed, namely in the alloy the Cu element /which superficial free enthalpy was smaller,"concentrated" to the alloy surface,and formed one kind of marble structure microcrystallite.Thus the electrode surface becamed rough a

为了揭示蒙乃尔合金阴极在连续使用数百个小时后电催化活性剂选择性下降的原因，采用X射线衍射仪、电子扫描电镜和电子能谱分析仪对电解实验所用的蒙乃尔阴极材料在电解实验前后的表面状态进行了表征，结果表明：所使用的蒙乃尔合金阴极材料在电解实验前后均属于Cu-Ni合金，使用600hr后，由于表面层元素组成和几何排布发生了变化，即合金中表面自由焓较小的Cu元素向合金表面&富集&，形成一种大理石结构的微晶，表面粗糙、不均一，这是造成其对硝基苯电还原的催化活性及选择性随着使用时间延长而逐渐下降的主要原因，同时也为此类电极的修饰改进提供了方向。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。