凝血素

The flu virus uses a "lollipop-shaped" spike known as hemagglutinin to invade nose and lung cells.

禽流感病毒利用一种被称为血凝素蛋白的"棒棒糖形状"的刺突去入侵鼻和肺细胞。

However, binding efficiency varies between flu strains, and that variation is partly determined by the receptor-binding site within the hemagglutinin protein.

然而，结合效率在不同毒株间存在差异，而且这种差异部分决定于血凝素蛋白中的受体结合位点。

Indeed, it has been shown to significantly enhance neutrophil phagocytosis and lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by phytohemagglutinin.

的确，它已经显示出显着增强中性粒细胞吞噬细胞和淋巴细胞增殖的植物血凝素刺激。

There is also in the skin lesions of psoriasis immune globulin, complement, anti-IsA factor, anti-keratin antibodies and parakeratotic nuclei antibody, etc., these factors result in abnormal T lymphocytes in the immune cycle of separatist injury and the number of T lymphocytes in significantly reduced, such as the Con A stimulus-response is reduced, while phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen factor is a normal reaction, this phenomenon is to support T-cell subsets flawed.

在牛皮癣的皮损中还有免疫球蛋白、补体、抗IsA因子、抗角蛋白抗体及角化不全细胞核中有抗体等，这些免疫异常因子造成T淋巴细胞的周期分裂性损伤和T淋巴细胞数量明显减少，如对刀豆球蛋白的刺激反应性下降，而对植物血凝素和商陆有丝分裂因子却反应正常，这种现象支持T细胞亚群存在缺陷。

It was neither the crossed immune respons,resulted from being infected with Rinderpest virus or Febris catarrhalis infectiosa canun virus which were closely relative to morbillous viruw,nor was interfered with by the non-specificity agglutinin and the there was the possibility that the production or the substance was resulted from being infected with morbillous virus.

在本地猪群血液中所检出的麻疹血凝抑制抗体样物质，并非由于猪感染与麻疹病毒有近缘关系的牛瘟病毒或犬瘟病毒而出现的一种交叉免疫反应，也不是非特异性凝集素的干扰，对猪感染麻疹病毒所致的可能性尚找不出理由排除。

Accordingto the difference of HA gene,which is separated 15 stype from H1 to H15;according to difference ofNA gene,which is separated 9 stype from N1 to N9.It is no cross-reaction between different HA orNA,so it is diffcult to detective.

根据流感病毒的血凝素和神经氨酸酶的抗原性差异，可将A型流感病毒分为不同的亚型，A型禽流感病毒的HA已发现16种，NA有9种，不同的H抗原或N抗原之间无交叉反应，给该病的防制带来了极大的困难。

Methods:Pigspleen cells were cultured with HBvaccine and phytohaemagglutinin in which the sensitized cells were collected and homogenized to pieces by a constitution triturator;the homogenate was diluted with distilled water to 1∶1, then frozen and melt six times at25 ℃ before placed in the dialyzer at the melting state , after that dialyzed with 1∶4 distilled water as the outdialyzate at 4 ℃ for 48 h;the final outdialyzate was collected as the HBVSTF.

采用猪脾细胞与植物血凝素、乙肝疫苗共同培养，收集致敏细胞在组织捣碎机中破碎，用蒸馏水1∶1稀释，－25 ℃反复冻融6次，自来水融化后装入透析袋中，用1∶4的蒸馏水作透析外液，于4 ℃透析48 h，透析液即为乙肝病毒特异性转移因子。

Methods: Pig-spleen cells were cultured with HB-vaccine and phytohaemagglutinin in which the sensitized cells were collected and homogenized to pieces by a constitution triturator; the homogenate was diluted with distilled water to 1:1, then frozen and melt six times at -25℃ before placed in the dialyzer at the melting state, after that dialyzed with 1:4 distilled water as the out-dialyzate at 4℃ for 48 h; the final out-dialyzate was collected as the HBV-STF.

方法；采用猪脾细胞与植物血凝素、乙肝疫苗共同培养，收集致敏细胞在组织捣碎机中破碎，用蒸馏水1：1稀释，-25℃反复冻融6次，自来水融化后装入透析袋中，用1：4的蒸馏水作透析外液，于4℃透析48h，透析液即为乙肝病毒特异性转移因子。

Recombinant plasmid pSVH 7 DNA of avian influenza virus H7 subtype heamagglutinin gene was encapsulated with DC-chol/DOPE liposomes and PC/chol/SA liposomes separately. Two-week old SPF chickens were intramuscularly inoculated with 50 μ g/0.2ml of the liposome entrapped PSVH 7 DNA. Four-weeks later, each chicken was challenged with 0.1ml 〓 AIV . One week after the challenge, the secretion of the cloacas was collected and transfected to chicken embryos to isolate the virus. The virus was isolated from 6/6 of the control group, 1/6 of the naked DNA group, 1/6 of the PC/chol/SA entrapped DNA group and 0/6 of the DC-chol/DOPE liposome entrapped group. The HI antibody titers (log2) of the four groups were 6. 83±0.98, 7. 0±1. 26, 7. 83±1. 17 and 8. 00±0.89 respectively 1-week after challenge, and 8. 5±0.55, 8. 17±0.82, 8. 68±0.45 and 9. 33±0.54 respectively 2-week after challenge. The results showed that inoculation of liposome entrapped DNA significantly enhanced resistance to virosis in animals.

将含禽流感病毒H7亚型血凝素基因的重组质粒pSVH7用DC-chol阳离子脂质体和胆固醇／卵磷脂／十八胺脂质体包裹，免疫2周龄SPF鸡，4周后用同型禽流感病毒进行人工感染，1周后采集泄殖腔分泌物分离病毒，结果未免疫组6／6分离到病毒，裸质粒DNA免疫组1／6分离到病毒胆固醇／卵磷脂／十八胺脂质体包裹DNA免疫组1／6分离到病毒，DC-chol脂质体DNA免疫组没有分离到病毒（0／6）：人工感染后1周各组的HI抗体（Log2）分别为6.38±0.98，7.00±1.26，7.83±1.17，8.00±0.89，2周后为8.50±0.55，8.67±0.82，8.68±0.45，9.33±0.52，脂质体包裹组在同期均高于未免疫组和裸DNA免疫组，表明脂质体包裹质粒DNA免疫动物后，能增加动物对病毒感染的抵抗力和反应能力。

Avian influenza virus was isolated from the caecal tonsil, faeces, and kidney of the domestic ducks. The isolated virus was identified as a highly pathogenic H5N1, with a haemagglutinin proteolytic cleavage site deduced amino acid sequence of ... QREKRKKR/GLFGAIAG ... In order to determine the pathogenicity of the isolate, eight 6-week-old specific pathogen free chickens were inoculated intravenously with the virus, and all birds died within 24 h after inoculation.

病毒抗原可以从鸭的盲肠，扁桃体，肾脏及粪便分离出来，并且确定这种病毒是高致病性的H5N1，还从血凝素蛋白分解位点推断出病毒的氨基酸序列，为了了解独立群的发病机理，对8只6周龄鸡静脉注射这种病毒，结果所有的均在注射后24小时死亡。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。