凝胶

The research of swelling dynamic behavior shows that the electrolytical ions in swelling media have a great effect on the swelling behavior of PVA gel and the equilibrium swelling ratio in physiological saline is less than that in aqueous media.

溶胀特性研究显示，PVA水凝胶在生理盆水中的平衡溶胀比小于其在蒸馏水中的平衡溶胀比，凝胶的平衡溶胀比随浓度和冷冻－解冻次数的增加而下降，其下降趋势满足幂函数的变化规律；水凝胶的溶胀过程符合溶胀动力学方程。

The characteristics of the AP include (1) in addition to the formation of hydrogel in aqueous alkaline or polar organic solution, AP can form carbonaceous hydrogel in neutral and acidic aqueous solutions, which extents the application of carbonaceous sol-gel;(2) AP contains a large amount of nitric groups which decomposes quickly by thermal initiation, releasing a large amount of gases and heat, indicating explosive properties of the AP;(3) metal salt-containing AP is also explosible by thermal initiation, and the metal in AP promotes the explosion.

以沥青为碳源，用氧化法制备水性沥青过程中，浓硫酸和浓硝酸的比例、用量、氧化温度及氧化时间对水性沥青的收率皆有影响。经过氧化后，沥青上含有许多含氧官能团，导致水性沥青溶于水。含氧官能团越多，水性沥青越易溶于水。调节制备条件，可使水性沥青不仅可以在碱性水溶液中形成凝胶，而且可以在中性和酸性水溶液中形成溶胶、凝胶，从而拓宽了炭基溶胶—凝胶法制备炭基纳米材料的应用范围。

The results indicate the membrane prepared in pure water coagulation bath exhibits fingerlike structure, with an increase of the volume fraction of ethanol in coagulation bath leads to a reduction of fingerlike cavities, and in ethanol/water coagulation bath of φ=40% exhibits spongelike structure; the melting points of the fingerlike and spongelike membrane increase by 3.9℃ and 3.5℃ compared to that of raw material respectively, and the crystallinity of the two type membranes increases by 16.1% and 13.5% respectively.

结果表明纯水凝胶浴中所成膜为指状多孔膜，随着凝胶浴乙醇体积分数的增加，膜指状大孔逐渐消失，在φ=40%的乙醇／水凝胶浴中转变为海绵状多孔膜；指状多孔膜和海绵状多孔膜熔点相对于原料分别提高了3.9℃和3.5℃，而结晶度相对于原料分别提高了16.1%和13.5%。

The results indicate the membrane prepared in pure water coagulation bath exhibits fingerlike structure,with an increase of the volume fraction of ethanol in coagulation bath leads to a reduction of fingerlike cavities,and in ethanol/water coagulation bath of φ=40% exhibits spon...

结果表明纯水凝胶浴中所成膜为指状多孔膜，随着凝胶浴乙醇体积分数的增加，膜指状大孔逐渐消失，在φ=40%的乙醇/水凝胶浴中转变为海绵状多孔膜；指状多孔膜和海绵状多孔膜熔点相对于原料分别提高了3.9℃和3.5℃，而结晶度相对于原料分别提高了16.1%和13.5%。

This article introduced the experiment of reaction of high salinity konjac powder water-sol and gelling agent,the gel of gelatification when the temperature going up has good strength.

采用高盐度魔芋粉水溶胶与胶凝剂作用，在加热条件下胶凝，形成具有一定强度的弹性凝胶。

Optimized the preparation of chitosan hydrogel technological conditions, and the result indicated that: the hydrogel with best quality can be gotten, with the chitosan quantity 1 g, the formaldehydevolume 0.2 mL, the gelatination temperature 50℃.

通过试验优化制备壳聚糖水凝胶的工艺条件，试验结果表明：当壳聚糖量为1 g，甲醛体积为0.2 mL，凝胶化温度为50℃时，制备得到的水凝胶质量优良。

An in situ injectable thermosensitive hydrogel constitutes of CS, HTCC withα,β-glycerophosphate was synthesized.

以CS及HTCC配合α，β-甘油磷酸制备原位可注射物理交联温敏水凝胶(CS/HTCC-GP水凝胶)。其溶胶-凝胶的转变时间可被控制在25°C以上。

The structure of resultant IPN hydrogels was successfully characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy; the water retention at 50℃ was measured gravimetrically; dependence of storage modulus on temperature and phase transition behavior were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively.

利用FTIR和SEM分别表征了凝胶的化学结构和内部形态；测定了凝胶在高温(50℃)时的退溶胀性能；利用DMA和DSC分别研究了凝胶的储能模量随温度的变化及热相转变行为。

Fixation of direct dyes with silica gel ;2. Taking advantage of proof salt and high hydrophilic property of the silica gel and the carboxymethyl cellulose inarch polysalt of the super water-absorbent resin recombination,this paper made use of the water-absorbent composite form the inorganic polymer, sequentially advanced water-absorbent velocity and capacity of polymer water-absorbent resin in the brine.

利用具有良好耐盐和高亲水性能的硅凝胶与羧甲基纤维素接枝聚丙烯酸盐的高吸水树脂进行复合，制备出无机高分子的硅凝胶-羧甲基纤维素接枝聚丙烯酸盐耐盐高吸水复合材料，从而提高了高分子吸水树脂在盐水中的吸收能力及吸收速度，研究了复合材料的吸盐水性能，通过扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料表面的微观结构，初步探讨了硅凝胶-羧甲基纤维素接枝聚丙烯酸盐耐盐高吸水复合材料的吸盐水机理。

The results show that this kind of IPN hydrogels are temperature-sensitive, and, compared with inorganically crosslinking PNIPAAm hydrogels, these IPN hydrogels exhibit enhanced storage modulus and ultrafast response rate, such as losing water of 90% within 10 min because of the porous structure which provides the water-releasing channel; by incorporation of PAAm network, the phase transition of PNIPAAm hydrogels is weakened, but the lower critical solution temperature is increased.

研究表明，该IPN凝胶具有温度敏感性；与未互穿的无机交联PNIPAAm凝胶相比，IPN凝胶具有多孔的网络结构和超快的响应速率，如10min内失去90%的水；其储能模量增加了3~4倍，相转变行为变弱，而最低临界溶解温度提高了1.4℃。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。