凝胶

The results showed that the effect of all conditions on gel strength was very large;the holding water ability was directly proportional to gel strength and viscosity;under the condition of no sodium chloride addition,the solidifying point and melting point were directly proportional to gel strength;however,when sodium...

结果表明，凝胶强度受各条件变化的影响很大；持水性与凝胶强度、粘度成正比关系；在不添加NaCl时，融点、凝固点与凝胶强度成正比关系，但添加NaCl时，则与NaCl浓度成正比关系；凝胶体具有热可逆性

By the interaction of ethyl acetate and water class solution, The nano silica was synthesized on fused silica capillary tubular inner surface, its morphology and change trend of surface area pore volume and pore size under different reaction condition were investigated.

第三章 原位溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米SiO〓型PLOT石英毛细管色谱柱及其应用建立了原位溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米SiO〓型PLOT色谱柱的方法，采用原位溶胶-凝胶法在毛细管内壁合成出均匀的纳米硅胶多孔层，对所合成的纳米硅胶颗粒进行了形貌表征，同时考察了不同反应条件下纳米硅胶的比表面积、孔体积和孔径的变化规律。

In this dissertation, the weak gels with good thermal stability and/or salt tolerance for use in EOR were prepared from HPAM and aluminium citrate or the compound containing hydroxymethyl groups in aqueous solution. The gelation mechanisms, structure, and properties of the HPAM-AlCA and HPAM-PRIM gels were investigated. For the HPAM-AlCA gelling system, the effects of aluminium : citrate and pH value on the properties of AlCA were systematically studied.

本文以研制高性能价格比的提高石油采收率用聚合物材料为目标，在耐温抗盐水溶性聚合物研究工作的基础上，选择聚合物弱凝胶这一前沿课题为研究对象，对HPAM-柠檬酸铝凝胶的有关基础问题进行了研究，研制出了具有优异耐温抗盐性能的HPAM-PRIM弱凝胶，解决了采用聚合物提高石油采收率的高性能与低成本之间的矛盾。

The technological process in preparation of the delafossite structure p-TCO thin films by sol-gel method is discussed systematically. The relative advantages and disadvantages of the systems of sol about organic alkoxide and inorganic salt are analyzed, and further development are discussed. It is pointed out that sol-gel method is an effective and feasible means to prepare p-TCO thin films.

本文介绍了铜铁矿结构p-TCO的结构特性以及溶胶凝胶法的基本原理和特点；系统地介绍了溶胶凝胶法制备铜铁矿结构p-TCO薄膜的工艺；分析比较了有机醇盐、无机盐溶胶体系的优缺点；最后讨论了进一步的发展方向，指出溶胶凝胶法是一种高效可行的制备p-TCO薄膜的方法。

In the three systems, system realizes the crosslinking of PVC bases on the peroxide crosslinking mechanism, the tensile strength of crosslinked PVC has been improved somewhat, the IR spectrum of gel demonstrates that there are characteristic absorption peaks of n-alcohol that belongs to ethanol amine and benzenoid group. From the analysis of gel structure , deduces that the mechanism of crosslinking reaction: under the initiations of peroxide and high temperature, PVC yields macromolecules free radicals, at the same time , styrene"s polymerization and grafting onto PVC takes place, at last the system forms crosslinking structure through coupling between radicals; confirms that triethanol amine can absorb HC1 produced by degradation of PVC, so improves the crosslinking efficiency of peroxide, decreases the HCl"s promotion for PVC"s degradation; deduces that triethanol amine can activate the PVC macromolecules and prolong the free radicals" life-time of PVC macromolecules; the effect to the PVC macromolecule makes styrenes graft reaction easy, and thus improves the crosslinking efficiency.

三种体系中三乙醇胺/过氧化二异丙苯/苯乙烯体系基于过氧化物交联机理实现了聚氯乙烯的交联，聚氯乙烯交联后拉伸强度有一定提高，凝胶红外光谱分析证实了凝胶结构中含有乙醇胺的伯醇基团特征吸收和苯环的特征吸收，由凝胶结构分析，推断出交联反应的机理：聚氯乙烯在过氧化物和热作用下产生大分子自由基，苯乙烯在过氧化物和大分子自由基的作用下发生聚合和接枝反应，最终通过自由基之间的偶合产生交联；证实三乙醇胺可以吸收聚氯乙烯分解产生的HCl，提高了过氧化物的交联效率，消弱了HCl对聚氯乙烯降解的促进作用；推断三乙醇胺可以活化聚氯乙烯大分子并有可能使聚氯乙烯大分子自由基存在的时间得以延长，对聚氯乙烯大分子的作用使苯乙烯的接枝反应易于发生，从而提高了交联效率。

Two inducible and extracellular chitosanases secreted by Penicillium sp. D-l were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation as well as gel filtration. The purified enzymes of ChoA and ChoB had molecular masses of 93 and 21 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Both ChoA and ChoB have an acidic pH optimum, which were 4.0. The enzymes were stable over the pH range 3 to 5 for 1 h.

采用(NH_4)_2SO_4盐析法和凝胶过滤层析对Penicillium sp.D-1的壳聚糖酶进行分离提纯，得到两种壳聚糖酶，酶A经变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析，结果显示该酶的分子量约为93 kD；酶B经非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和SDS-PAGE分析，得出分子量约为21 kD。

The results indicated that the organically modifying precursors could densify the gel glass, but the thermal stability was reduced simultaneously.

结果表明，有机改性先驱体能使凝胶玻璃结构致密，但同时热稳定性降低；对于荧光性能，MTMS和VTES可使其有一定的提高，但它们的最大含量不能超过50%，否则凝胶易失透，而GPTMS能大幅提高凝胶的荧光性能。

Potassium salt of dicyclopentadienyl dicarboxylate DCPD(COOK2 was applied to CPE as crosslinking agent and a crosslinked product with 81.79% gel content was obtained in solution reaction.

以溶液反应法研究了CPE与DCPD：的交联反应，制得了凝胶量在80%以上的共价交联CPE，考察了不同牌号CPE、催化剂及其用量、反应温度、反应时间及其交联剂用量对CPE凝胶形成量的影响；通过对比实验和IR谱图证明了该凝胶确由CPE与DCPD：经双端醋化反应生成；通过反应溶解性实验验证了共价交联CPE的热可逆转化特性。

The research displayed that yeasts Genus level can be discerned by agarose gel electrophoresis and polyacarylamide gel electrophoresis, but the latter is more advanced. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains ITS-1 sequences are most disalike, few of them are equal completely. The bigger differences are part of base pairs about Poly-T, others are exchanged by single base pair.

研究表明，以酵母菌株的rDNA ITS-1序列进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳，能把菌株分类鉴定到属的水平；采用非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳能把部分酿酒酵母菌株分类鉴定到种的水平，区别效果较琼脂糖凝胶电泳有所提高；对rDNA ITS-1序列进行克隆、测序，经序列比对后发现，酿酒酵母属中酿酒酵母菌株的ITS-1序列大多数有差异，差异主要表现在ITS-1序列上游的一段Poly-T碱基上，其它处的差异仅是个别碱基的转换或颠换，ITS-1序列长度分布在360-370bp之间，G+C%含量均在35.3%左右。

In the case of radical-initial polymerization, the chain-transferring reaction occurred in the blends of PMMA and PV Ac, and there was a dramatical increase in gel content when PV Ac concentration come to a critical value of 30 wt%.

研究结果表明在PMMA/PV Ac共混体系中，链转移反应导致了凝胶产物的形成，并且凝胶含量的增加与共混组成的变化存在一临界现象，即当PV Ac含量超过30wt%，体系中的PMMA-PV Ac凝胶含量急剧增加。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。