凝胶

Based on electro-characteristic and double electric layers models, directional mechanisms of soy protein molecular are analyzed for the first time on DC heating condition. After the main factors which effect soy protein gels transparency and strength being studied on DC heating condition, the different affects on soy protein gels transparency and strength by DC heating and water bath heating are analyzed and compared, and the transparent mechanisms of soy protein gels are further explored. In addition to temperature action as water bath heating, DC heating is added as electric field directional action. As a results, heating rate is increased. Directional range degrees of soy protein molecules are raised. These advantage the increase of soy protein gels transparency and strength. Microstructures of soy protein gels forming on DC heating condition are observed by SEM and the results showed that ordered structure of transparent soy protein gels on DC heating condition is more ordered than that of transparent soy protein gels on water bath heating condition.

首次从大豆蛋白的电特性和双电层模型上分析了直流电加热条件下，大豆蛋白分子定向的机理；通过对直流电加热条件下影响大豆蛋白凝胶透明性和强度主要因素的研究，分析和比较了直流电加热与水浴加热对大豆蛋白凝胶透明性和凝胶强度的不同影响，又进一步探讨了大豆蛋白凝胶透明的机理；直流电加热除了水浴加热中的温度作用以外，又增加了直流电场的定向作用，提高了加热速率，提高了大豆蛋白分子定向排列的程度，有利于蛋白质凝胶透明性和强度的提高；利用SEM对电场下大豆蛋白凝胶微观结构的观察，进一步证明了直流电加热比水浴加热形成的透明大豆蛋白凝胶微观结构具有更高的有序性。

Results Ketoprofen calcium pectinate gel beads and calcium alginate gel beads showed excellent drug release pattern and mucoadhesiveness. Ketoprofen released from calcium pectinate beads mainly through diffusion behaviors, whereas the release of ketoprofen from calcium alginate gel beads was ruled by corrosion of carrier material.

结果 酮洛芬果胶钙凝胶小球和酮洛芬海藻酸钙凝胶小球均具有良好的生物黏附性能，果胶钙凝胶小球主要通过溶胀作用缓慢释药，而海藻酸钙凝胶小球的释药与凝胶小球慢慢吸水后骨架溶蚀有关。

Producted RF and CRF aerogels by process of sol-gel technics, dynamic-exchange, CO2 supercritical drying, and procedural increase in temperature carbonization methods, which have eximious capability and nanometer network structure; Systemic analysis various factors which effect gel course, such as ratio of reactants and the dosage of catalyst, and probed into the better experiments conditions(the concentration of resorcinol and formaldehyde is more than 2% and the value of R/C is between 50 and 300); During gel course , primary investigated the viscosity curve and particle size distribution of sol-solution, and analyzed the reason of catalyst dosage effects particle size of gel, and confirmed that the up-growth of gel follows the theory of " polymerize increase ".The experiment results indicated that ultrasonic with unvarying temperature disposal shortened gel time and optimized quality of gels, and the factors of ultrasonic effect gel reaction velocity were analyzed; Prepared organic aerogels using compounds of resorcin and hydroquinone substitute resorcinol reacts with formaldehyde the first time, and also optimized the proportion of resorcinol and hydroquinone (the proportion of hydroquinone in 10%～40%).

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺结合动态溶剂交换、CO2超临界流体干燥与程序升温碳化方法制备出性能优良、具有纳米网络结构的RF与CRF气凝胶；深入研究了反应物配比催化剂用量等条件对凝胶过程的影响，得到了较佳的RF凝胶制备条件(RF浓度应大于2%，R/C值取50～300)；初步研究了凝胶过程中的粘度、粒径变化情况，分析了催化剂用量影响凝胶中粒子尺度的原因，在实验上印证了凝胶生长遵循"聚增长"的理论；通过引入超声波改进了RF气凝胶的制备工艺，缩短了凝胶反应时间，提高了凝胶品质，并探讨了超声波促进RF凝胶反应作用的原因；首次用对苯二酚与间苯二酚复配制备了混合有机气凝胶，优化出复配比(对苯二酚含量为10%～40%)。2。

Phenolic-doped melamine-formaldehyde aerogels were investigated by adding resorcin to MF sol before the formation of crosslink. The solvents in wet gel were then exchanged with ethanol.

以三聚氰胺和甲醛为原料制备MF气凝胶，在凝胶化过程中加入酚类化合物对MF体系进行改性，获得相应的湿凝胶，湿凝胶经超临界干燥，制备出密度为最低可达50 kg·m-3的酚改性MF气凝胶。

Classification and principle of rigid waterproofer;2. The circinal cavities were found in calcium alginate beads and the cylinder holes were observed in zinc alginate beads from the SEM,which indicated that the volume of fraction of zinc alginate polymer was relatively bigger and the zinc alginate polymer chain was more rigid than that of calcium alginate .

凝胶的SEM照片可见，海藻酸钙的冷冻干燥颗粒内为较大的圆孔，海藻酸锌凝胶内为较小的长孔，表明海藻酸锌高分子链在凝胶颗粒中的体积分率相对较大同时刚性较强；卵清蛋白从海藻酸凝胶颗粒中释放的试验结果表明，由于上述海藻酸锌凝胶的特性，导致海藻酸锌对卵清蛋白扩散阻滞作用相对较强；根据试验数据计算得卵清蛋白在海藻酸钙、海藻酸锌凝胶颗粒中的扩散系数分别为1。

The circinal cavities were found in calcium alginate beads and the cylinder holes were observed in zinc alginate beads from the SEM,which indicated that the volume of fraction of zinc alginate polymer was relatively bigger and the zinc alginate polymer chain was more rigid than that of calcium alginate .

凝胶的SEM照片可见，海藻酸钙的冷冻干燥颗粒内为较大的圆孔，海藻酸锌凝胶内为较小的长孔，表明海藻酸锌高分子链在凝胶颗粒中的体积分率相对较大同时刚性较强；卵清蛋白从海藻酸凝胶颗粒中释放的试验结果表明，由于上述海藻酸锌凝胶的特性，导致海藻酸锌对卵清蛋白扩散阻滞作用相对较强；根据试验数据计算得卵清蛋白在海藻酸钙、海藻酸锌凝胶颗粒中的扩散系数分别为1.19×10-7、0.07×10-7cm2/s，利用阻滞模型计算得海藻酸锌高分子链在凝胶颗粒中体积分率约为海藻酸钙高分子链在凝胶颗粒中体积分率的1.7倍。

Trans-Blot Cells and Systems 170-3825 Trans-Blot Cell With Wire Electrodes and PowerPac HC Power Supply, 100120/220240 V, includes 2 gel holder cassettes, buffer tank, lid with power cables, 4 fiber pads, 1 pack precut blot absorbent filter paper (15 x 20 cm), power supply, power cord, instructions 170-3850 Trans-Blot System With Plate Electrodes and PowerPac HC Power Supply, 100120/220240 V 170-3853 Trans-Blot System With Plate Electrodes, Super Cooling Coil, and PowerPac HC Power Supply, 100120/220240 V, includes 2 gel holder cassettes, buffer tank, lid with power cables, 4 fiber pads, 1 pack precut blot absorbent filter paper (15 x 20 cm), power supply, power cord, instructions 170-3910 Trans-Blot Cell With Wire Electrodes, includes 2 gel holder cassettes, buffer tank, lid with power cables, 4 fiber pads, 1 pack precut blot absorbent filter paper (15 x 20 cm) 170-3939 Trans-Blot Cell With Plate Electrodes and Super Cooling Coil, includes 2 gel holder cassettes, buffer tank, lid with power cables, 4 fiber pads, 1 pack precut blot absorbent filter paper (15 x 20 cm) 170-3946 Trans-Blot Cell With Plate Electrodes, includes 2 gel holder cassettes, buffer tank, lid with power cables, 4 fiber pads, 1 pack precut blot absorbent filter paper (15 x 20 cm) Trans-Blot Cell Accessories 170-3912 Super Cooling Coil, required for all high-intensity transfers 170-3913 Gel Holder Cassette, includes 2 fiber pads 170-3914 Fiber Pads, 15.5 x 20.5 cm, 6 170-3920 Trans-Blot Standard Wire Electrode Card, cathode 170-3921 Trans-Blot Standard Wire Electrode Card, anode 170-3922 Trans-Blot Cell Buffer Tank 170-3923 Trans-Blot Cell Lid With Power Cables 170-3943 Trans-Blot Platinum Anode Plate Electrode 170-3944 Trans-Blot Stainless-Steel Cathode Plate Electrode 170-3945 Trans-Blot Plate Electrode Pair, platinum anode and stainless-steel cathode 16 规格:说明: Trans-Blot Plus

电泳转印槽组件 1。缓冲液槽及带有电缆的盖 2。凝胶支架转印夹 3。纤维衬垫 4。电极丝 5。电极板 6。特级冷却芯 Trans-Blot 转印槽是功能灵活的转印设备，可理想地用于多种转印应用。Trans-Blot 转印槽特点包括：*能进行多胶转印，可容纳3 块PROTEAN I xi 凝胶、6块Criterion 凝胶、12块Mini-PROTEAN 3 或Ready Gel 预制胶*多组参数灵活可设，可调节的电压设置（从30 V 的过夜转印到200 V 的1 小时快速实验）*电极间距设置为8 cm 用于标准印迹杂交，或设置为4cm 用于高强度印迹杂交*可选择板式电极：涂有铂金的钛作为正极，不锈钢为负极，能提供高强度电场和比其它电极更高的电流密度。或选择较经济的铂金电极丝*通过特级冷却芯和水循环仪来调节温度―是天然酶（4°C）或高强度转印的理想选择，随着转印时间增加（多达24 小时），不会引起缓冲液耗竭（在高强度转印中必须使用冷却芯，也推荐用于所有板式电极的应用）*带铰链的凝胶支架转印夹能避免滑动，确保凝胶与印迹膜间的紧密接触；每个转印夹都有颜色标记以保证在转印槽中的正确定位 Trans-Blot 转印槽的锁闭凝胶支架转印夹系统。转印夹（1）支撑凝胶（2）印迹膜（3）两侧有纤维衬垫和滤纸（4）确保凝胶三明治内的完全接触。凝胶夹垂直插入缓冲液槽中（5）。

After a reaction time of about 100 min at room temperature, the silica sol was transformed into solgel, which was dried by supercritical drying technique to obtain woodnano-SiO2 aerogel. The chemical structure of wood-nano-SiO2 aerogels were studied by Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy.

应用FTIR方法对上述溶胶-凝胶法木材-SiO2气凝胶复合材料的结构进行了表征，结果表明，复合材料的FTIR特征基本上是由木材与SiO2气凝胶谱图加合而产生的，没有得到木材与SiO2气凝胶产生化学结合的明确证据，但是观察到气凝胶中Si-OH结构信息（844cm^-1）；部分木材-SiO2气凝胶复合材料试样中1735cm。

objective to investigate staining methods for two-dimensional gel(2-de)electrophoresis in multidrug resistance of gastric cancer.methods cultured vincristine-resistant human gastric cancer cell line sgc7901/vcr and its parental cell line sgc7901.variant amount protein of those cells were separated by 2-de.gels were stained with silver nitrate or colloidal coomassie brilliant blue,and scanned by image scanner.results well-resolved,reproducible 2-de patterns of sgc7901/vcr and sgc7901 were established.silver staining was better when protein sample amount was low,overloaded protein will interfere resolution of the maps.gels stained with colloidal coomassie brilliant blue had more protein spots numbers and abundance without apparent trails when increased loading protein sample.conclusion two staining methods were influenced largely by the sum of protein samples,properly selection may be helpful for further study with proteomics in multidrug resistance of gastric cancer.

低甲氧基果胶的胶凝机理及防止预凝胶。。。他扎罗汀凝胶与克林霉素凝胶治疗痤疮。。。注射隆乳后经乳晕切口取出聚丙烯酰胺。。。目的分析利用蛋白质组学方法研究胃癌耐药相关蛋白质中双向电泳凝胶的染色显示。方法培养胃癌细胞sgc7901和长春新碱诱导的耐药胃癌细胞sgc7901/vcr，用双向凝胶电泳技术分离总蛋白，银染及胶体考马斯亮蓝染色，image scanner扫描仪扫描凝胶。结果获得了背景清晰、重复性好的双向凝胶电泳图谱，两种染色凝胶相比，硝酸银染色在样品少时显示更佳，过量则影响图像质量，而胶体考马斯亮蓝染色在上样量增加时的凝胶蛋白质点数目及丰度均增加，并无明显拖尾。结论两种显色方法受样品量影响较大，恰当选用有利于通过蛋白质组学研究胃癌耐药机制工作的进一步开展。

The morphological structure of cured vinyl-ester resin and the formation of two-phase structures in vinyl-ester resin has been studied by using SEM and differential scanning calorimetry.The results demonstrated the existence of clusters of gel-particles with a size of about 20 μ m,each cluster of gel-particles containing many gel-particles with coral-like structures.The formation of gel-particles resulted in two-phase structure characterized by the two peaks in the rescanned DSC thermographs of the resin. The cure conditions (temperatures,post-cure) affected microstructure in the cured resins.

采用SEM、DSC研究了乙烯基酯树脂固化过程中凝胶粒子的形成过程及两相结构对固化放热的影响，结果表明，凝胶粒子在固化树脂中呈群状分布，每群凝胶粒子的最大尺寸为20μ m左右，每群凝胶粒子由许多独立凝胶粒子组成；凝胶粒子的形成使树脂产生了两相结构，使树脂的恒温DSC残余放热呈双峰分布；树脂的固化条件影响其微观结构。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。