凝灰岩

Research results:Water bursting in Cangling Tunnel is controlled by the geological conditions in the zone.

研究结果：苍岭隧道施工中发生的突水事故受到地质构造和地下水活动特点的强烈控制，虽然凝灰岩本身不溶于水，但在现代构造应力场的作用下形成的特殊的构造，为地下水的运移和赋存提供了通道和场所，是造成突水的主要原因。

Research purposes: The studies are done on the causes, characteristics and main control factors of water bursting from tuff in construction Zhejiang Cangling Tunnel for the purposes of doing prediction and treatment of it.

研究目的：对发生在浙江苍岭隧道施工中发生在凝灰岩中的突水事故的成因、特点和主要控制因素进行研究，以便更好地对其进行预测和防治。

Based on the natural gamma log curve s of acid tuff and clay rocks of acid volcanic events,the author here queries the arguments that radioactive intensity of sedimentary strata will grow with the increasing argillaceous materials and that the natural gamma value and the empirical equation can be used to calculate contents of argillaceous materials.

根据酸性凝灰岩和酸性火山事件粘土岩的自然伽马测井曲线，对当前流传的&沉积岩层的放射性强度随泥质含量的增加而增高&的概念和用自然伽马值及经验公式求泥质含量提出质凝。

Geochemical characteristics indicate S-type granites and volcanic rocks depleted in sodium and enriched in potassium, with 62.42%～78.02% w(SiO2), 7.66%～9.13% w(K2O+Na2O), 1.18～2.62 w(K2O)/w(Na2O), and Rittmann index δ of 1.67～3.78. They are enriched in LREE with an average LREE/HREE ratio of 10.94×10-6, and generally depleted Eu with an minimum δEu less than 0.31 especially in the ignimbrite and biotite granite, which have experienced a significant process of separation and crystallization of plagioclases.ΣREE at the main stage of the magmatic activity decreases with time.

地球化学特征显示矿区火山——侵入岩属于贫钠富钾的S型花岗岩，其w(SiO2)值为62.42%～78.02%、w(K2O +Na2O)值为7.66%～9.13%、w(K2O)/w(Na2O)比值为1.18～2.62、里特曼指数δ为1.67～3.78；矿区岩石LREE/HREE比值平均为10.94×10-6，属于轻稀土富集型；Eu普遍亏损，特别是熔结凝灰岩、黑云母花岗岩δEu＜0.31，表明经历了显著的斜长石的分离结晶作用；自早至晚主阶段岩浆活动稀土总量逐渐降低。

More and more young people were sporting tuffs of hair on their lips.

年轻人喜欢炫耀嘴角边这些染成凝灰岩色的小胡子。

The zone is sandwiched between an overlying block of flows, pillow lavas and minor pyroclastics, and underlying agglomerates, tuffs, and more massive diabase bodies.

含矿带夹在上覆的岩流、枕状岩流和少量火山碎屑岩块与下伏的集块岩、凝灰岩和块状辉绿岩体之间。

The mine zone is sandwiched between an overlying block of flows, pillow lavas and minor pyroclastics, and underlying agglomerates, tuffs, and more massive diabase bodies

含矿带夹在上覆的岩流、枕状岩流和少量火山碎屑岩块与下伏的集块岩、凝灰岩和块状辉绿岩体之间。

The Middle Devonian Beitashan Formation consists of a series of intermediate-basic volcanic rocks intercalated with more than 100 m thick picritic layer at the bottom, whereas the Middle Devonian Yundukala Fm. is composed of a series of shallow-sea fine-clastic rocks interbedded intermediate rocks and intermediate-basic rocks. The Late Devonian Jiangzierkuduke Fm. includes pyroclastic rocks intercalated with intermediate-basic and intermediate-acid rocks, whereas the Late Carboniferous Batamayineishan Fm. consists chiefly of basalts and basaltic andesites intercalated with tuff, siltstone and carbonaceous shale.

其中中泥盆世北塔山组为一套中基性火山岩，并且底部含有厚度超过100m的苦橄岩；中泥盆世蕴都喀拉组为一套浅海相细碎屑沉积岩夹中性、中基性火山岩；晚泥盆世江孜尔库都克组为火山碎屑岩夹中基性和中酸性火山岩组合；而晚石炭世巴塔玛依内山组以玄武岩和玄武安山岩为主，夹凝灰岩、粉砂岩和炭质页岩。

The REE distribu- tion curves of Archaeozoic metamorphic rocks,Proterozoic granite,Tertiary basalt, Mesozoic granite,granite-porphyry,rhyolite,tuff,and gold ores are of right inclinnation, which indicates they enrich LREE and have completely similar Ce negative anomaly.

研究表明：太古代变质岩、元古代花岗岩、中生代花岗岩及花岗斑岩、流纹岩和凝灰岩、第三纪玄武岩及金矿石的稀土配分曲线均为右倾斜型，即富轻稀土，都有十分相似的 Ce 负异常。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。