凝固

The reason of white band formation in the solidified shell in the mold has been studied by means of water modeling test and the analysis of the solidified microstructure of practical CC slab an.

为了定量把握结晶器中的钢水流动、钢水过热度及结晶器传热阻力对初期凝固坯壳的凝固不均一的影响，利用水冷铜板的浸渍实验，测定了各种铸造条件下的凝固坯壳厚度、凝固不均一度及树枝晶偏角；利用水力模型实验，并对实机铸坯的凝固组织分析，EPMA对负偏析带的线分析，得出了在结晶器中凝固坯壳上负偏析带的产生原因。

On the basis of twin-roll thin strip continuous casting experiments and solidification structure characteristic analysis of thin strip and combining with the simulation results of effects of technological parameters, the forming mechanism of solidification structure zone (especially equiaxed crystal zone) on 1Crl8Ni9Ti stainless steel twin-roll thin strip was investigated.

在双辊薄带连铸实验和薄带凝固组织特征分析的基础上，结合对薄带凝固组织区的模拟预测结果，研究了1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢双辊薄带凝固组织区的形成机理。结果表明：1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢双辊薄带凝固组织中的等轴晶区不但在凝固类型为半固态时形成，在轧制或理想型时也能形成。其形成机理为，熔池中悬浮游离晶体的沉积、聚集以及在枝晶生长前沿的长大和薄带离开二铸辊最小间隙后，薄带/空气界面换热系数骤然降低抑制了柱状枝品的生长，并促使薄带中部未凝固熔体中游离晶体的择优长大

The clotting time and breaking strength of soymilk curds coagula ted by 13 proteinases were investigated.

以凝固时间和凝固强度为指标，考察了13种蛋白酶的豆乳凝固能力，发现胃蛋白酶、凝乳酶和风味蛋白酶没有豆乳凝固活性，Alcalase、木瓜蛋白酶和菠萝蛋白酶具有较强的豆乳凝固能力。

The comparative tests of the rheological properties between Alcalase induced soy coagulum and Magnesium Chloride/Calcium Chloride induced soy coagulum shows that the former one has higher hardness,lower strength,and 10 times higher adhesiveness of the latter one.

对Alcalase与盐类凝固剂氯化镁和氯化钙凝固豆乳的主要流变学性质比较发现，Alcalase凝固豆乳的硬度比盐类凝固剂大，凝胶强度比盐类凝固剂低，粘附性比盐类凝固剂高10倍以上，使凝胶较粘，乳清不易排出。

By the cooling curve and the temperature field, it can he known that, the solidification time of ribbon is 1.0×10^(-4)s, the even solidification rate of ribbon with 60 μm thickness is about 10^6K/s, and the temperature of cooling process does not obviously go back by the release of solidification latent heat. The solidification rate of ribbon is at 0.010-0.394 m/s, and it changes from high to low with the prolonged solidification time.

由冷却曲线和温度场曲线类比结果可知，带子的凝固时间为1.0×10^(-4)s；单辊快淬的平均冷却速度在10^6 K/s数量级，且凝固潜热的释放不会明显地引起冷却过程的温度回升；带子的凝固速度在0.010~0.394 m/s范围之内随凝固时间的延长逐渐由大变小。

Nd and Y showed more evident effects than Gd and La due to lower temperature of eutectic reaction with aluminum. In order to investigate mechanism of the formation of the intercellular dispersoid which is being in debate and possibility of suppressing the dispersoid, a nucleation kinetic model which including unsteady nucleation and effect of alloy element was established.

Al-Fe-Mo-Si-Zr-Ti合金粉末具有四种凝固组织，初生Al〓〓，α-Al与Al〓共晶，胞晶及显微胞晶，合金元素Mo的加入，显著提高合金粉末凝固前的过冷度，使10~40μm粉末的凝固机制发生了变化，由导热控制型转变成溶质扩散控制型，从而基本上消除了该尺寸范围内粉末凝固组织中共晶成分和初生相，但对大于40μm的粉末，因共晶区富Zr核心的优先形成而使Mo的作用效果不明显。

The gel dynamics experiments showed that the gel formation law was similar with the other polymer systems, which wasrelated with dense surface under the soft coagulating condition and the thickening gel; the square of gel thickness was linear with coagulation time. The qualitative analysis of the surface puckers of fibers spun from wet spinning and dry-jet wet spinning was made. The positions where the die swell appeared were not the same and the die swell appeared at the air gap where the fiber would markedly been elongated and vary little in the coagulant, thus the surface of fiber spun from dry-jet wet spinning was more smooth. The radial component concentration gradient was responsible for the radial structure of PAN fiber spun from dry-jet wet spinning. The thicker surface with microvoid structure of

对湿纺和干湿纺进行比较表层沟槽的产生进行定性分析，原因在于孔口胀大区域出现在不同位置，在干湿纺中，溶液的孔口胀大出现在空气层，并在该区完成大部分形变，进入凝固浴后形变很小，纤维表面较为光滑；干湿纺PAN纤维径向结构存在差异，这与丝条内组分由于双扩散进行导致径向上存在浓度差异直接相关；凝固强度较大的体系，可以获得厚度较大且孔结构尺寸较小的皮层；含较少缠结的PAN原液在纤维成形后截面很圆整，但原液缠结浓度增大时成形后圆整度下降；PAN纤维成形是一个远离平衡的过程，凝固作用缓和的体系可以使成形过程靠近平衡，可获得更大尺寸的孔洞结构；原液中少量的非溶剂添加剂显著改变纤维径向结构，可获得孔洞尺寸更小和更为均一的径向结构，这与径向浓度差异的减小、分相时间的集中相关；PAN原液的成形纤维表面依赖于凝固强度；由AFM对相近凝固条件下成形的PAN膜进下

In other side, a lot of investigation results indicate that the rotating magnetic field and static magnetic field have significant effects on solidification process. These show a potential application of the RMF and SMF in industry. However, the detailed mechanisms of the RMF and SMF during melt solidification process are still unclear.

另一方面，对凝固行为和凝固机制的理解一直是科学工作者追求的目标，研究表明旋转磁场和静磁场具有影响合金凝固行为的重要作用，但是，对磁场在凝固过程中的作用机制的研究还处于探索阶段，很多问题尚待解决。

Moreover, the hot compressive deformation behavior of the RS/PM AZ91 magnesium alloy and AZ91 alloy matrix composite were also investigated, the conclusions are drawn as follows:1. The processing parameters of the atomization-twin rolls quenching technology were optimized as follows: the diameter of the nozzle 1mm, the wheel velocity 25m/s, the pressure of atomization gas 0.3MPa and Ar gas for melt injection 0.1MPa. The RS AZ91 alloy flakes exhibited fine and uniform microstructures. When the flakes were extruded at 673K, extruded velocity of 0.1mm/min and extrusion ratio of 25:1,the magnesium alloy rods with clean surface, uniform dimension and excellent mechanical properties were obtained.2. The RS AZ91 magnesium alloy powders prepared by atomization-twin rolls quenched technology exhibited fine equiaxed grains with the grain size of 1-3μm, the phase constituent included supersaturate solid solution phaseα-Mg and miner fineβ-Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase. The as-extruded materials also exhibited equiaxed grains with the size of 5-7μm and a large number of fineβ-Al_(12)Mg_(17) and fewer AlMg_2Zn phases were detected in the alloy.

本文还研究了快速凝固/粉末冶金AZ91镁合金热压缩变形流变应力行为，快速凝固/粉末冶金法原位生成Mg_2Si增强AZ91镁基复合材料，经过系统的研究，获得如下结论：1、雾化-双辊急冷法在下列工艺参数组合下：双辊线速度25m/s；喷嘴直径1mm；熔体压射压力0.1MPa；雾化气体压力0.3MPa。，可获得宏观尺寸细小、微观组织均匀细小、综合性能优良的的快速凝固AZ91镁合金细碎箔带，快速凝固箔带在挤压温度为673K、挤压速度为0.1mm/min，挤压比为25：1时，可获得的外表光洁、尺寸均匀、组织性能优异的镁合金棒材。2、雾化-双辊急冷法制备的AZ91镁合金粉末态为细小等轴晶组织，晶粒尺寸1-3μm，组织为α-Mg过饱和固溶体和微量的细小β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相组成；粉末挤压棒材为等轴晶组织，晶粒尺寸5-7μm，组织中含有大量细小的β-Al_(12)Mg_(17)以及AlMg_2Zn析出相，室温力学性能，抗拉强度383MPa，屈服强度275MPa，断后伸长率7.5%。

The resection electrode types include: a hand-crafted, temperature-resistant tungsten wire-cutting loop; a coagulating perforated resector that provides a 40% greater coagulation zone than standard cutting loops and performs cutting and coagulation simultaneously during tissue resection; a dimpled vaporization roller that offers a smoother area of vaporization than a grooved roller while providing deep-tissue coagulation; a roller ball and roller barrel, which are used for coagulation and ablation of soft tissue in the bladder and prostate (the roller ball may also be used for endometrial ablation in the uterus); and a Collings knife that allows urologists access to all areas of the prostate and is most commonly used for ureteral meatotomy and transurethral incision of the prostate.

切除电极包括：手动操作、耐受高温、钨丝切除线圈；凝固穿孔前列腺切除器，比标准切除线圈的凝固面积大出40%，能够在组织切除过程中同时进行切除和凝固；一种漩涡汽化转子，比槽式转子提供更加平滑的汽化区域，同时产生深部组织凝固；一个转子球和转子滚筒，用于膀胱和前列腺软组织的凝固和汽化(转子球还可以用于子宫内膜的消融)；一个Collings刀能够帮助泌尿科医生进入前列腺的所有区域，通常用于输尿管切除术和经尿道前列腺切开。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了