减数核

Morphology of sexual reproduction abortion in'High Noon', a distant hybridization cultivar of tree peonies(P.delavayi var. lutea×P. suffruticasa), was systematically investigated with light microscopy and cross. The results indicated that:(1)The stamens matured earlier than the gynoecia and pollens dispersed at the early stage of anthesis but the rate of normal 2-celled pollens were merely 2.41%.

采用光镜和杂交等方法对牡丹远缘杂交一代品种'正午'有性生殖败育进行系统形态学观察发现：(1)雄蕊较雌蕊先成熟，初花期即散粉，正常2-细胞花粉仅占2·41%，且花粉在多种培养液中、在自身和其它两种柱头上均不萌发；柱头在谢花期大量分泌粘液，进入最佳授粉状态；(2)同一胚珠中多个大孢子母细胞减数分裂高度不同步，胚囊发育与受精延迟，部分胚乳游离核在细胞化时期分裂异常；(3)自花及品种内异花授粉不结实，天然授粉结实率为0·053‰~0·130‰。

The formation of nuclear membrane, there nucleoli, after cytoplasmic division, the completion of meiosis.

形成核膜，出现核仁，经过细胞质分裂，完成减数分裂过程。

The results showed that the rates of mature oocyte were 75.2％, 73.1％, 69.8％, 63.5％and oocyte at telophase of MI were 16.3％, 15.9％, 16.9％, 27.0％, respectively. The rates of maturation of oocytes cultured in TCM199 with serum, EGF and TGFαwere significantly higher than that of with BSA team (P＜0.05) and the number of oocyte stayed at telophase of MI in TCM199 with serum, EGF and TGFαteam were significantly less than that with BSA team(P＜0.05); Significant higher rates (66.6％, 66.6％, 73.6％) of normalα-tubulin distribution in oocytes cultured in TCM199+ serum, EGF and TGFαwere compared to that of TCM199+BSA(43.3％)(P＜0.05). The rates of oocyte with cortical granules in cortex were 58.8％, 33.9％, 54.7％and 47.9％respectively, there was significant difference between oocytes cultured with serum, EGF and BSA(P＜0.05). In conclusion, TGFαand EGF can promote the oocyte nuclear transition from telophaseⅠto metaphase of meiosisⅡ, and improved the expression and distribution ofα-tubulin during the ovine oocytes maturation; EGF and serum could promote oocyte cytoplasm maturation. The results suggested that EGF and TGFαmight substitute some substance in serum to improve the quality of oocyte nucleus maturation in vitro, but EGF might be more functional than TGFαto promote the maturation of ovine oocyte ooplasm.

三、EGF和TGFα对卵母细胞成熟的影响未成熟卵母细胞分别在TCM199基础培养液+血清、TCM199基础培养液+BSA+EGF、TCM199基础培养液+BSA+TGFα和TCM199基础培养液+BSA四组成熟培养系统中成熟培养，22小时后上述各组卵母细胞的核成熟率分别为75.2％、73.1％、69.8％、63.5％，处于第一次减数分裂末期的比率分别为16.3％、15.9％、16.9％、27.0％，在添加血清、EGF、TGFα各组中核成熟率显著高于其它各组(P＜0.05)，处于末期的比例明显低于其它各组(P＜0.05)：添加血清、EGF、TGFα各组在a-Tubulin蛋白的分布与表达上(66.6％、66.6％、73.6％)明显高于BSA组的正常率43.3％(P＜0.05)；各组CG发生迁移较好的卵母细胞的比率分别为58.8％、33.9％、54.7％、47.9％，血清组和添加EGF组CG迁移至皮质区的比例明显高于仅添加BSA处理组(P＜0.05)。

In the present study, we collected cumulus cells oocyte complex from ovaries of two different strain mice. The cumulusenclosed oocytes were cultured for 6 h in MEM supplemented with growth factor and FSH. The meiotic maturation of these oocytes has progressed to pro-metaphse Ⅰ stage and the condensed chromosomes are visible under DIC microscope, metaphase Ⅰ spindle even can be detected under Polscope. The metaphase Ⅰ spindles of oocytes were exchanged under such microscopes. After electric stimuli, 91. 6% and 91. 6% karyoplasts-cytoplasm pairs were fused respectively. The resulting oocytes were cultured further in MEM and over 80% of oocytes released the first polar body. 79% and 77% of oocytes formed two pronuclei after in vitro fertilization and the embryos were cultured in KSOM supplemented with amino acids. Over 60% of embryos developed to blastocyst stage.

在本研究中我们在取得两种不同品系小鼠的卵丘卵母细胞复合体后，先将卵丘卵母细胞复合体置于含有多种生长因子和激素的MEM培养液中培养6小时，此时卵母细胞已进入第一次减数分裂的前中期，并且在DIC倒置显微镜下可以看到浓缩的染色体，用Polscope可以发现明显的纺锤体，借助这种显微镜通过显微操作将两种不同品系小鼠来源的卵母细胞的MI纺锤体进行互换，经过三次直流电脉冲作用后，分别有91.6％的胞质—MI核质体对融合，经过进一步的培养后，超过80％的重组卵母细胞排出第一极体，体外受精后分别有79％和77％的重组卵形成双原核，受精后的胚胎在KSOM胚胎培养液中体外培养4天后，超过60％的胚胎发育至囊胚。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。