减数分裂的

In organisms showing ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS, the gametes may be produced by mitosis in the haploid generation, or by meiosis in the diploid generation and give rise directly to gametes or gamete-producing cells.

在表现出明显世代交替的生物体中，配子可能是由单倍体世代发生有丝分裂产生，亦可由二倍体世代减数分裂直接产生配子体或配子母细胞。

Sister chromatid cohesion is fundamental to the faithful transmission of chromosomes during both meiosis and mitosis.

姐妹染色单体粘连是有丝分裂和减数分裂时染色体忠实分离的基础。

Due to the deficiency of cyclin B1 and 〓, spermatogonia and pachytene/diplotene primary spermatocytes in contralateral cryptorchid testis were unable to form MPF, and therefore, they could not accomplish their nuclear division, and became arrested at the transition stage from mitosis to meiosis (G2/M phase). We also found that testosterone could regulate the cyclin B1 expression in spermatogenic cells.

由于cyclin B1和〓的缺失，粗线期/双线期初级精母细胞中的MPF无望形成，从而导致生精细胞分裂停滞在由有丝分裂向减数分裂过渡的G2/M相；（5）睾酮可在翻译水平上调控阴囊内睾丸生精细胞cyclin B1蛋白的表达。

Diakinesis The last stage of the PROPHASE in the first division of MEIOSIS.

终变期：减数分裂第一次分裂前期中的最后一个阶段。

Two signals of 45S rDNA were mapped on the mitotic metaphase chromosomes in the F1 hybrids, respectively, and one signal was present on a bivalent during meiotic of synaptene, diakinesis, and metaphase I. We inferred that the two mitotic chromosomes carrying 45S rDNA were homolo-gous pairs.

在有丝分裂中期染色体上2个杂种分别检测到2个杂交信号，在减数分裂粗线期、终变期、中期Ⅰ染色体上45S rDNA位于一个二价体上，说明这两个杂种携带45S rDNA的染色体为同源染色体。

In this study, we performed sequential combined PI and DAPI staining and FISH with two different 45S rDNA clones on meiotic pachytene and mitotic metaphase chromosomes in tomato.

采用CPD染色对番茄减数分裂粗线期和有丝分裂中期染色体进行了显带分析，随后用两种不同的45S rDNA 克隆在相同的分裂相进行了荧光原位杂交定位分析。

Puna Chicory, leymus multicaulis and Psathyrostachysjuncea.For the materials used in this article were some old seeds which had been stored for 3-7 years, we found a lot of abnormal mitotic and meiotic cells, such as chromosome bridge. chromosome laggard, micronucleus, multipolar division and so on. Moreover, we also found the wheat"s multi-anther, double germinate-hole"s microspore and collected the photos of every period of meiosis. mitosis.

因为用于细胞学检测的小麦材料是搁置多年的陈旧种子，所以在检测染色体数目时，发现大量异常分裂现象，包括染色体桥、染色体落后、微核、多极分裂等；实验过程中还发现小麦多花药现象和花粉粒具双萌发孔的现象；同时在显微观察同时还注意搜集了细胞有丝分裂、减数分裂各个时期的分裂相图片。

These mainly involve the periodic change of ribosome den- sity,the dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of both plastid and mitochondrion during the process of meiosis.

在这个过程中，小抱子母细胞经减数分裂产生大致相同的4个减数抱子，并逐渐发育成雄配子体。

General characteristics of cells, its chemical constituents ( protein, nucleic acid, carbohydrate, lipid), cell structure , cell cycle, cell division, four kinds of tissues (epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous), organ, ten organ systems (dermal, skeletal, muscular, digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, endosecretory, nervous, and reproductive).

细胞的一般特征，细胞的化学组成(蛋白质，核酸，糖类，脂类)，细胞的结构，细胞周期，细胞分裂(无丝分裂，有丝分裂，减数分裂)，四大组织(上皮组织，结缔组织，肌肉组织，神经组织)，器官，十大系统(皮肤系统、骨骼系统、肌肉系统、消化系统、呼吸系统、循环系统、排泄系统、内分泌系统、神经系统和生殖系统)。

The testis index, testis volumes were same as the annual changes of testis mass. The curves of annual variation were all unimodality.2 The spermatogenetic cycle of Myospalax cansus comprises seven stages with significant features: Stage I , from February to April, the testis were at the stage of spermatogonia proliferation. In this period, testis index and the number of spermatogonia began to rise. Other spermatogenic cells had not yet formed; Stage II to III, from March to April, primary spermatocyte meiosis period. The testis index was highest in this stage, and spermatogenic cells were in spermatocyte stage, the primary spermatocyte meiosis generated to secondary spermatocyte; Stage IV, from April to May, spermatocytes continued to split, germ cells appeared in seminiferous tubules; Stage V, in May, sperm formation, spermatids of seminiferous tubules were transformed to spermatozoa, a large number of sperms existed in the lumen; Stage VI, spermatozoa emission period, from May to June, testis index were a significant drop and mature spermatozoa excluded gradually; VII, the testicular activity ceased basically from July to September, November to January of the following year, the spermatogenic activity ceased completely. Therefore, Myospalax cansus are animals of seasonal reproduction, spermatogenesis cycle is discontinuous type.

睾丸系数、体积和重量的年周期变化规律一致，变化曲线呈现单峰型。2甘肃鼢鼠雄性生殖腺的年周期活动由7个特征明显的时期构成：Ⅰ期，2～3月份，精原细胞增殖期，睾丸系数开始上升，精原细胞进行有丝分裂，其他生精细胞尚未形成；3～4月份为Ⅱ～Ⅲ期，初级精母细胞成熟分裂期，睾丸系数达到最大，生精细胞大多处于精母细胞阶段，初级精母细胞减数分裂生成次级精母细胞；Ⅳ期，4～5月份精母细胞继续进行分裂，精细胞在生精小管内出现；Ⅴ期，5月份，精子形成期，曲细精管中精细胞变态成精子，在管腔中存在大量的精子；Ⅵ期，精子排放期，5～6月份，睾丸系数显著下降，成熟精子从生精小管上脱离，逐渐排除；Ⅶ期，精原细胞停滞期，7～9月份睾丸生精活动基本停滞，11～翌年1月，生精活动完全停止。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。