减数分裂的

Meiotic pachytene bivalents were obtained from porcine testes using prolonged hypotonic treatment combined with high chloroform Carnory's fixative solution. Mitotic metaphase chromosomes were prepared from blood cell culture. Comparative studies on division index and length of pachytene bivalents and mitosis metaphase chromosomes showed that those of the former are 5 times higher and 3.42(1.87～5.98) times longer than the latter, respectively. Chromomere maps of bivalents are more abundant than mitotic metaphase G-bands, while they are correspondent with mitotic early-metaphase G-bands. The result was found by using the chromosome 12 as a sample.

以性成熟公猪睾丸和外周血为材料，采用长低渗、高氯仿卡诺固定液固定和外周血细胞培养制备减数分裂粗线期二价体和有丝分裂中期染色体，通过对二价体和有丝分裂中期染色体分裂指数和长度的比较研究，发现二价体的分裂指数和长度分别是有丝分裂中期染色体的5倍和3.42倍(1.87～5.98)；同时以12号染色体为例，比较了二价体上的染色粒结构带与有丝分裂中期染色体G-带，表明染色粒结构带比中期染色体G-带带纹丰富，而与早中期G-带带纹吻合。

While under natural low temperature (10-20℃), a great deal of abnormalities, including micro nucleoli, scattered and lagged chromosomes and anaphase bridges were detected during PMC meiosis, even though the abnormalities were different between the two cultivars; the ratio of micro nucleoli was 22.88% of average, which was obviously higher than that of control (4.56% of average under normal temperature); and the ratios of univalent and multivalent in diplotene, which increased seriously, were 8.82% and 17.65% of Tainong 1, and 14.52% and 24.19% of Irwin under natural low temperatures.

低温（10~20℃）条件下，减数分裂过程中核仁的行为发生大量异常，微核仁的平均检出率高达22.88%，明显高于常温条件下的平均4.56%；双线期单价体和多价体的发生频率有明显增加，其中台农1号为8.82%和17.65%，Irwin为14.52%和24.19%；减数分裂中期Ⅰ、Ⅱ及后期Ⅰ、Ⅱ均观察到落后染色体，其中台农1号异常率为12.73%、5.63%、15.79%和4.76%，Irwin为11.11%、7.61%、9.52和6.38%。

These findings suggest that GSE may associate with meiosis during gametogenesis.

上述的这些结果提示，GSE与配子发生过程中的减数分裂有关，GSE基因主要在哺乳动物生殖细胞的减数分裂中起重要作用。

In seed plants also produce spores, and spores are profiled in the ovule Pearl hearts a megaspore mother cell produces large spores by meiosis in the anthers of the microspore mother cells produced by meiosis of microspore.

在种子植物中也产生孢子，且均为孢子异型，在胚珠的珠心中的1个大孢子母细胞经减数分裂产生大孢子，在花药中的小孢子母细胞经减数分裂产生小孢子。

Then, the homologous chromosomes separate, members of each pair go to opposite poles. Reduction in chromosome number is achieved. Meiosis I is the actual reduction division.

之后同源染色体分离，每对的每个成员去相反的极，在这时，染色体数目减半因同源染色体分离而使染色体数目减半，因此减数分裂其实是真正的"减数分裂"。

Purpuraristatus, the growth, fertility, chromosome configuration, EST isozyme etc. were analyzed in this paper. The results showed that the growth potentiality of (E. sibiricus×E. purpuraristatus) F2 and (E. purpuraristatus×E. sibiricus) F1 were much stronger than their parents, the plant height of the former was 143.2 cm. The whole plant was reseda, the latter was 129.7 cm. The spike nodding of two hybrids were in the middle of their parents, the anther was yellow; the pollen fertility was 0.02%~0.03%, seed set was 0; the average chromosome configuration of former pollen mother cell at PMC M Ⅰ was 6.90Ⅰ+14. 02Ⅱ, the latter was 7.82Ⅰ+13.59 Ⅱ, and lagging chromosome and bridge fragment were observed at meiosis anaphase Ⅰ the EST of the two hybrids F1 and their parents at tillering stage was some certain different in locus, number and intensity.

结果表明，正交F1和反交F1植株的生长势均很强，正交F1株高143.2 cm、全株浅绿色，反交F1株高129.7 cm、全株灰绿色；正、反交F1的穗型均呈双亲中间型，花药呈黄色，花粉可育率0.02%~0.03%，结实率为0，说明杂种高度不育；正交F1的花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ平均染色体构型为6.90Ⅰ+14.02Ⅱ，反交F1为7.82Ⅰ+13.59Ⅱ，减数分裂后期丁有落后染色体和染色体桥等不规则现象；亲本及其正、反交杂种F1分某期幼叶的EST同工酶酶带的位点、数目和强弱均存在一定差异，可作为亲本及杂种在蛋白质水平识别的重要依据。

Studies of the mechanism of meiotic recombination indicate that meiosis is an adaptation for repairing DNA.

减数分裂重组机制的研究表明，减数分裂是一个为了修复DNA的适应。

The karyotypes of four species in Pentatomidae were studied in male germ cells prepared on air dried slides stained with Giemsa.Karyotype analyses using specific software are made for the first time in pentatomid karyotypic study and model karyotype charts are presented.

研究了4种中国蝽科昆虫的核型和染色体的减数分裂行为，并首次在半翅目中采用核型分析软件对第一次减数分裂中期的染色体进行核型分析。

The situation of abnormal development of male cells is as follows:microspore mother cell can't enter into meiosis because of intense vacuolation,shrink and disintegration of its cytoplasm;although vacuolated microspore mother cell can enter into meiosis,it can't form normal dyad and degenerate in the middle process;dyad and tetrad become vacuolated and can't develop normally;cytoplasm of microspore shrinks around the nucleus at the stage of central nucleus microspore,the shape of microspore is twisted into crescent or irregular shape,at last its cytoplasm and nucleus are disintegrated and crescent vacant microspore presents;nutritive substances can't be accumulated at the stage of vacuolated microspore,cytoplasm is disintegrated,and microspore turns into a big vacant pollen.

雄性细胞异常发育有几种情况：小孢子母细胞强烈液泡化，细胞质收缩解体，不能进入减数分裂；小孢子母细胞液泡化，虽能进入减数分裂，但不能形成正常二分体而中途退化；二分体、四分体细胞液泡化，不能进行正常发育；单核小孢子中央期，细胞质收缩包围核，小孢子形状扭曲呈月牙形或不规则形，最终细胞质和核解体而呈月牙形的空壳小孢子；单核液泡期的小孢子不能积聚营养物质，细胞质解体而成为大的空壳花粉粒。

The results showed that the varieties and activity of POD isoenzyme expression exist in difference in anther of male sterility line and maintainer in different development stage in sweet pepper and hot pepper. POD isozyme activity of anther was very low in meiosis stage in male sterility line of sweet pepper. There is a POD special band in meiosis and pollen mature stage in male sterility line of pepper respectively.

结果表明不育系与保持系，在花药发育的不同时期POD同工酶表达种类及表达活性之间存在差异，其中甜椒不育系在减数分裂期POD同工酶的活性非常低，辣椒雄性不育系在减数分裂期及花粉成熟期分别多一条POD特征带。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。