准静态过程

Grasp and understand terminologies and concepts of Engineering Thermodynamics, such as thermodynamic system, state property, equilibrium state, state properties diagram, equation of state, quasi-static process and reversible process, etc.

理解和掌握工程热力学中的一些术语和概念：热力学系统、状态参数、平衡状态、状态参数坐标图、状态方程式、准静态过程、可逆过程等。

Basic contents: equilibrium state, state properties diagram, state postulate, equation of state, quasi-static process and reversible process, etc.

基本内容：平衡状态，状态公理与状态方程式，准静态过程和可逆过程，热力过程、热量和功量，热力循环等

Posing condiction in which the formula can be used is discussed. It is proved that it is only useful for zero-friction quasl-state process, non-quiet isometic or isobaric process.

本文较严格地导出了计算准静态过程功的公式，并讨论了该公式的适应条件，指出该公式只对无摩擦的准静态过程，以及等压或等容的非静态过程适用。

Based on percolation theory , truncated Weibull distribution is used as the pore throat distribution function, a two phase and 3 dimensional quasi-static network model is established to simulate the primary oil displacement and secondary water flooding of reservoir cores.

结合逾渗理论，采用截断威布尔分布作为孔喉特征分布函数，模拟储层岩心的初次油驱过程和二次水驱过程，建立了油水两相三维准静态孔隙网络模型；通过模型计算与试验结果的对比，验证了孔隙网络模型的有效性。

If the system changing from 1'to 2'exprerienced a nonequilibrium process, the state at any

如果系统由状态1'到2'的变化经历的不是准静态过程，则除1'及2'两个平衡状态

Week 11 Maxwell distribution law of velocity, Boltzmann distribution of energy, quasi-steady process, quantity of heat, internal energy, volume work, thermodynamic first law and its application to equal value process of ideal gas, polytropic process.

第11周麦克斯韦速率分布律，玻耳斯曼能量分布；准静态过程，热量、内能、体积功，热力学第一定律及其对理想气体等值过程的应用，多方过程。

3D-CTM (Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Forming Simulation) software for precision forging process of aero-engine blade was developed. The key technologies of 3D coupled rigid-viscoplastic thermo-mechanical FEM simulation of blade forging process were studied systematically. By using the remeshing method of contracting from the boundary to the inner, new mesh system from old distorted mesh system can be obtained. A method of modifying the position of nodes touching on the die according to its original normal was proposed to avoid "dead lock" problem due to uncontinuity of normal of scatted die meshes. The pseudo-static iterative algorithm was used to simplify the coupled thermo-mechanical computation. In particular, formulations to determine relaxation factor β was established for rigid viscoplastic FEM adopting penalty function method, and an improved cubic factor rapid algorithm derived from these formulations was proposed by combining with the advantage of advance and retreat search method.

采用基于边界构形的内缩法，实现了三维畸变网格的重新划分；提出了初矢修正法对触模节点的位置进行修正，解决了由于离散的模具网格的法矢不连续造成的&死锁&问题；采用准静态迭代法简化了速度场和温度场耦合计算过程；特别是针对减速因子β的选取，建立了适用于三维复杂成形过程刚粘塑性罚函数法有限元三次因子法的计算公式，并结合进退搜索法提出了改进的三次因子快速算法，提高了模拟计算效率和稳定性，在此基础之上，开发了面向叶片精锻过程的三维刚粘塑性热力耦合有限元模拟分析系统(3D-CTM)，系统的可靠性得到了圆柱体镦粗的验证。

By applying the drop testing machine to automatically simulate half-sine pulse,the calculating model was set up to describe the course of half-sine pulse generated by the rubber waveform generator,based on the basic mechanical principle of half-sine pulse generation and non-linear of the rubber waveform generation in the condition of quasi-static compress.

采用跌落式冲击试验机机械模拟半正弦冲击波，以半正弦冲击波形产生的基本力学原理以及橡胶波形发生器在准静态压缩情况下的材料非线性为基础，建立描述橡胶波形发生器生成半正弦冲击波过程的理论计算模型。

In the rock materials cutting, primary crack is produced by the quasi static pressure of explosive gases.

在聚能爆破切割石材过程中，聚能射流起到前期切割出定向裂缝的作用，石材的最终开裂由后期爆破产生的气体的准静态胀楔作用来完成。

The critical shear angle of quasi-static state was given under different loading speeds and frame lengths condition, and the influence of specimen size on this shear angle range is also discussed.

在此基础上，提出了在特定的剪切范围内，可以将画框的运动看作是准静态过程进行处理的思想；得出了在不同拉伸速度和边框长度条件下装置处于准静态时的临界剪切角，并且分析了织物试样尺寸大小对准静态范围的影响。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。