准稳状态

First, transfer the test cycles from automobile condition to engine condition; second, according to the work and emission characters of nonturbocharged for low pressure turbocharged diesel, assume that transition process is quasi stationary one and diesel temperature rises linearly in cold starting period.

为实现这个方法，首先由计算得到汽车工况法测试循环对应的发动机工况，然后根据作为对象发动机的非增压柴油机的工作及排放特点，假定过渡过程按准稳态进行、柴油机冷起动时温升呈线性，在稳态模型基础上，增加输入层神经元和表征发动机热力状态变化的学习样本，建立了内燃机冷起动后暖机过程排放预测模型。

For naturally cooled monobloc barrel, its thermal condition in regular regime can be evaluated by measuring the outside temperature of two arbitrary rounds;(2) During a sustained firing process, unsteady heat conduction exists in a monobloc barrel, whereas unsteady and quasi steady heat conduction exist with actively cooled composite barrels, meaning that the thermal condition changes from uncontrolled to controlled;(3) Different combinations of the convective heat transfer coefficient h and thickness of gun barrel δ have much effects on cooling the bore temperature.

利用有限元软件分析了某大口径火炮身管的温度场分布，并对自然散热条件下的单筒身管和主动冷却条件下的复合身管温度场进行了比较，其结果为(1)身管温度场分布存在初始和正规工况阶段，后者的单筒身管热状态可以通过测定任意两发身管外表面温度来评估；(2)持续射击过程中，单筒身管始终处于非稳态导热过程，主动冷却身管则包括非稳态和准稳态两个过程，实现了身管热状态由不可控向可控转变；(3)对流传热系数h和身管壁厚δ的组合对降低内膛温度具有很大影响。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。