准稳态

A criterion is put forward to adjudge the degree of approach of the solar collector to a first order system.

在稳态测试方法中，时间常数是判定集热器是否达到稳态或准稳态的依据。

The influences of the shock thickness and Alfven waves on the particle acceleration by diffusive shock waves are numerically studied through solving one-dimensional diffusive equation including the second-order Fermi effect. It is shown that the spectral index of the energetic particles strongly depends on the shock thickness. For example, the spectral index increases from 2.1 to 3.7 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 2.5 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV as the thickness increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.3 to 3.1 as the particle injection energy increases. The spectral index decreases from 4.0 to 1.8 at the quasi-steady stage with the enhancement of the compression ratio from 2 to 4. The results indicate that under the influence of Alfven waves, the energetic particle spectrum at lower energy becomes flat and the spectral index decreases from 2.5 to 0.6 in the low energy range of 3-10 MeV and from 11.6 to 5.0 in the high energy range of 20-60 MeV. At the same time, the rollover energy reaches 19.6 MeV. The spectral index decreases from 5.8 to 2.9 as the energy density of Alfven waves increase. All these results are basically consistent with the theoretical models, as well as the observations of typical energetic particle events.

通过数值求解包含二阶费米加速的一维扩散方程，探讨在准平行激波条件下激波厚度和级联阿尔芬波对粒子加速的影响，研究粒子分布函数的演化与激波厚度和阿尔芬波强度的内禀关系，计算结果表明：(1)考虑激波厚度时，谱指数明显依赖于激波厚度，随着厚度从0.32增大到2.56，低能端(3-10MeV)谱指数逐渐从2.1增加到3.7，高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从2.4增大到5.0，能谱逐渐变软；当初始注入粒子动量增大1.3倍，质子能谱指数从4.3减小到3.1，且与零厚度激波加速的谱指数差值缩小；厚度不变时，随着压缩比从2增加到4，准稳态分布时低能端(3-10MeV)粒子能谱指数逐渐从4.0减小到1.8谱变硬；(2)在级联阿尔芬波的影响下，随着时间的增大，粒子在低能处(3-10MeV)的谱指数从2.5减小到0.6高能端(20-60MeV)谱指数从11.6减小到5.0，能谱变硬，拐点能量值从7.5MeV增大到为19.6MeV；随着波的能量密度增大，谱指数从5.8减小到2.9，这表明阿尔芬波强度越大，加速效率越高，通过与激波厚度解析结果和高能粒子事件的观测能谱比较发现两者是一致的，说明数值模拟结果是可靠的。

Working process of the piccolo injector plasma generator is analyzed and computing model is modified. Improving the piccolo injector model, and having the coupling computation with the model of interior ballistics. From the result of experimentation, the model is validated and can be used in predicting experiment.

修正了D型等离子体发生器的准稳态模型，建立了中心电弧等离子体发生器的准稳态模型；将中心电弧等离子体发生器模拟模型与一维两相流内弹道模型耦合，建立了基于中心电弧等离子体发生器的电热化学炮的内弹道预估模型。

First, transfer the test cycles from automobile condition to engine condition; second, according to the work and emission characters of nonturbocharged for low pressure turbocharged diesel, assume that transition process is quasi stationary one and diesel temperature rises linearly in cold starting period.

为实现这个方法，首先由计算得到汽车工况法测试循环对应的发动机工况，然后根据作为对象发动机的非增压柴油机的工作及排放特点，假定过渡过程按准稳态进行、柴油机冷起动时温升呈线性，在稳态模型基础上，增加输入层神经元和表征发动机热力状态变化的学习样本，建立了内燃机冷起动后暖机过程排放预测模型。

For naturally cooled monobloc barrel, its thermal condition in regular regime can be evaluated by measuring the outside temperature of two arbitrary rounds;(2) During a sustained firing process, unsteady heat conduction exists in a monobloc barrel, whereas unsteady and quasi steady heat conduction exist with actively cooled composite barrels, meaning that the thermal condition changes from uncontrolled to controlled;(3) Different combinations of the convective heat transfer coefficient h and thickness of gun barrel δ have much effects on cooling the bore temperature.

利用有限元软件分析了某大口径火炮身管的温度场分布，并对自然散热条件下的单筒身管和主动冷却条件下的复合身管温度场进行了比较，其结果为(1)身管温度场分布存在初始和正规工况阶段，后者的单筒身管热状态可以通过测定任意两发身管外表面温度来评估；(2)持续射击过程中，单筒身管始终处于非稳态导热过程，主动冷却身管则包括非稳态和准稳态两个过程，实现了身管热状态由不可控向可控转变；(3)对流传热系数h和身管壁厚δ的组合对降低内膛温度具有很大影响。

Considering the difference of time scales for thermal transients in the oil film and bushing,the transient and quasi-steady methods were put forward.

在求解过程中针对油膜和轴瓦温度场的时变性的不同，提出对它们分别进行非稳态和准稳态数值求解的方法。

The contents of this dissertation are involved in studies on quasi steady-state condition of a slow speed-varying rotor system, gain-scheduling control of a quasi steady-state rotor active balancing system, adaptive control of active balancing for a fast speed-varying rotor with actuator time delay and adaptive control of active balancing for a fast speed-varying rotor with actuator saturation. The rotors to be studied include a Jeffcott rotor, a Jeffcott rotor with anisotropic bearings, a flexible rotor with single collocated balancing plane (actuator plane and measuring plane are almost the same one) and a flexible rotor with multiple collocated balancing planes.

研究的内容涉及慢变速转子的准稳态条件、变速准稳态转子主动平衡系统的增益调度控制、带作动器时迟的快变速转子主动平衡系统的自适应控制与带作动器饱和的快变速转子主动平衡系统的自适应控制，转子类型包括Jeffcott转子、轴承各向异性的Jeffcott转子、单并置平衡平面(作动器和测量平面几乎在同一个平面)的柔性转子和多并置平衡平面的柔性转子。

Under the premise of a rotor system satisfying the quasi steady-state condition, the influencing coefficient method based on the steady-state rotor balancing is extended to single-plane or multiple-plane gain-scheduling control of a rotor with slowly varying speed and all factors affecting the stability of a gain-scheduling control are analyzed. Numerical simulations verify that the gain scheduling control can effectively suppress imbalance-induced vibration of a rotor with slowly varying speed.

在转子系统满足准稳态条件前提下，延伸基于转子稳态平衡的影响系数法到慢变速转子单平面或多平面增益调度控制，分析了影响增益调度控制稳定性的诸因素，以数值模拟证实了增益调度控制能有效地抑制慢变速转子的不平衡振动。

It also becomes more difficult to model and simulate power grid. Traditional"Quasi-stationary"phase models can't be used for studying electromagnetic transient phenomena; on the other hand, the EMTP models can be used to analyze the electromagnetic transient accurately, but for the limitation of the step size, it can't be used to simulate the large network with a high speed.

这对电力系统的建模和仿真提出了更高的要求，传统的机电暂态模型由于建立在&准稳态&假设基础之上，因此不能用来仿真变化迅速的电磁暂态过程；而电磁暂态模型，虽然能准确反映电磁暂态过程，但由于仿真步长很小，仿真速度受到限制，不适合用来仿真大型电力系统。

The dynamic phasor model is based on the time-varying phasor, which not only breaks the quasi-stationary assumption, but also overcomes the maximum step size constraint of regular transmission line, so it can be used to analyze the fast electromagnetic transient phenomena at a higher speed.

传统的机电暂态模型由于建立在&准稳态&假设基础之上，因此不能用来仿真变化迅速的电磁暂态过程，而电磁暂态模型，虽然能准确反映电磁暂态过程，但由于仿真步长很小，仿真速度受到限制，不适合用来仿真大型电力系统。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。