冷却

Regenerative cooling is the most widely used method of cooling a combustion chamber and is accomplished by flowing high-velocity coolant over the back side of the chamber hot gas wall to convectively cool the hot gas liner.

再生冷却是最广泛使用的方法冷却燃烧室和是通过流动的高冷却速度超过回到会议厅一侧的热气体墙convectively冷却热气体班轮。

The dilatometric curves of low-carbon micro-alloyed steel with Mo at different cooling rates were detected on Gleeble-3800 thermo-mechanical simulator.

在Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机上，测定了含Mo 低碳微合金钢在不同冷却速度下连续冷却时的膨胀曲线，利用热膨胀法并结合金相-硬度法，测定了该钢的连续冷却转变曲线；研究了冷却速度对该钢组织及硬度的影响。

By dilatometric change referencing microscopic test and hardness measurement, the critical point at Ac1, Ac3 and Ms of 27CrMo27S steel was determined in Gleeble-3800 thermal mechanical simulator, By measuring the different expanding curves of CCT in different cooling rate, CCT diagram was obtained.

利用膨胀法结合金相-硬度法，在Gleeble-3800热模拟机上测定了27CrMo27S钢的临界点Ac1、Ac3以及Ms；测定了该钢在不同冷却速度下连续冷却时的膨胀曲线，获得了连续冷却转变曲线；研究了冷却速度对该钢组织及硬度的影响。

Exterior refinements include:+ A larger, polished stainless steel wire mesh front grille that enables the required additional airflow for engine heat dissipation + A new, lower front fascia that incorporates a larger lower grille for increased cooling capability; brake ducts for front caliper and rotor cooling and splitter to counteract lift created by larger grille openings + A new lower rear fascia that facilitates smooth airflow under the vehicle for improved cooling + Lower rockers that visually bridge the lowered front and rear fascias + A specific, fluidly sculpted hood designed to provide space for the engine's supercharger + Ten-spoke, flangeless, painted aluminum alloy wheels that assist in brake cooling + A higher, more rearward-positioned rear spoiler that enables balanced aerodynamic downforce with the front splitter + V-series badging on the vehicle's rear decklid and front doors, and "Supercharged" block lettering on the doors

外观的改进包括：+有较大，抛光不锈钢丝网的前格栅，使发动机所需的额外的散热气流+一个新的，较低的前仪表，它把一个较大的下格栅关于提高冷却能力；刹车管为卡钳和转子冷却和分配器足以抵消格栅的开口更大的提升+创建一个新的较低的后部汽车仪表板，便于在改善冷却车辆气流平稳+下摇滚乐的视觉弥补降低的前后面板+一个具体的，流畅，造型盖设计为发动机的增压器+十空间发言，凸缘，画铝合金轮毂的协助刹车冷却+阿更高，更向后定位的后扰流板，使平衡与前分路空气下压力+ V系列徽章的车的后部行李箱的大门，和&增压&块门上刻字

Although regeneratively cooled combustion chambers have proven to be the best approach for cooling large liquid rocket engines, other methods of cooling have also been successfully used for cooling thrust chamber assemblies.

虽然再生冷却燃烧室已被证明是最好的办法冷却的大型液体火箭发动机，其他方法冷却，也被成功地用于冷却推力室集会。

In addition to the regeneratively cooled designs mentioned above, other combustion chamber designs have been fabricated for rocket engines using dump cooling, film cooling, transpiration cooling, ablative liners and radiation cooling.

此外，向再生水冷式的设计，如上所述，其他燃烧室的设计已被捏造为火箭发动机，使用转储冷却，气膜冷却，发汗冷却，烧蚀班轮和辐射冷却。

In order to investigate the basic heat transfer characteristics of the platelet regeneratively cooled thrust chamber, the second chapter focussed on the developed flow and heat transfer in the long straight regenerative cooling channels with rectangular sections.

为了解层板再生冷却推力室在传热上的基本特征，第二章重点研究流动和热充分发展的矩形截面长、直再生冷却通道内的传热问题，建立了层板再生冷却推力室二维流固耦合传热过程的数理模型，采用通用形式控制方程描述冷却剂紊流传热和通道材料内导热的共轭传热问题，从而避免了流-固区域之间的反复迭代，大大缩短了计算时间。

Through this material one could setup an overall impression of the study content and the study method.In order to investigate the basic heat transfer characteristics of regeneratively cooled scramjet, in the second chapter, one dimensional heat transfer model of regeneratively cooled scramjet was developed. In this model, N-R correlations were used to describe hot gas-side and coolant-side convection heat transfer. Simple model of gas properties was also used.

为了初步了解超燃冲压发动机再生冷却传热的基本特征，第二章建立了超燃冲压发动机再生冷却的一维传热数理模型，采用了准则关系式描述燃气侧和冷却剂侧的对流换热，采用了简化的燃气物性模型，并对衬层材料、衬层厚度和冷却剂流量进行了参数研究。

Zirconia/graphite compound mold core was prepared by the coating, in which the silicon sol was used as binder and zirconia was used as refractory materials. The application feasibility of metal particles as a coolant in the solidification process was studied, and the application of metal particles as subsidiary coolant in the liquid metal cooling of directional solidification were analyzed and studied in this investigation. The conclusions can be drawn as follows: 1 The zireonia/graphite compound cores fabricated by brushing coating which was prepared by making silicon sol agglutinated zirconia as a refractory material were casteded at 800℃and 1000℃respectively, and the results show that the strength of the mold core is strong enough to meet the requirement of practical casting.

本文研究了以硅溶胶为粘结剂，氧化锆为耐火材料来制备氧化锆／石墨复合型芯的制备工艺；并分析了金属颗粒作为冷却剂在金属凝固过程中应用的可行性、金属颗粒的冷却能力以及金属颗粒作为辅助冷却剂在定向凝固的液态金属冷却法中的应用，得出以下结论：(1)以硅溶胶为粘结剂，氧化锆为耐火材料来配制涂料，采用刷涂石墨型芯的方法来制备的氧化锆／石墨复合型芯经800℃和1000℃实际浇铸实验，结果证明型芯的强度足够满足实际浇铸要求。

According to failure analyses of the cooling wall of No.5 blast furnace in No.1Iron Making Plant of Jigang in heavy repair in 2000, the main cause of longitudinal crack of cooling wall with ribs enchased in bricks is the temperature instability of hot side of cooling wall.

根据济钢第一炼铁厂5＃高炉在2000年大修中的破损情况，分析筋条镶砖式冷却壁纵裂原因是冷却壁热面温度不稳定，而全覆盖式冷却壁由于其结构能使冷却壁本体温度变化幅度小，且有很强的抵抗裂纹扩展的能力，因而破损速度较慢。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。