冷冻

Objective: To observe the effects of cryopreservation on morphology and function of rats ovarian tissues after ultrarapid freezing.

目的 探讨超速冷冻法对SD大鼠卵巢组织的冷冻保存功效。方法采用液氮直投法冷冻大鼠卵巢组织。

ERGs and VEPs were measured in all rabbits before and after the following treatments being carried out: Firstly, cryoablation was performed on the sclera for about 30 sec in the 4 New Zealand rabbits that formed a 3-mm width of full, 3/4, 1/2, and 1/4 circular band respectively that ensured the retina, choroid and sclera were damaged in the band.

我们利用临床眼科手术的冷冻法在四只纽西兰大白兔的左眼於角膜边缘向下约4~5 mm的位置，动此手术以3mm破坏环宽度分别在四只兔子左眼做多点环形一圈、3/4圈、1/2圈及1/4圈的冷冻手术，每一点冷冻时间约30秒，术后立刻点Pred Forte药水抑制发炎。

Methods: thirty-four Japanese white rabbits are used as experimental animals. Under no destroying the posterior ligaments, expose the fifth and sixth transverse processes and intertransverse membrane. The transverse processes are decorticated. On each side bone graft bed the following four kinds of grafts are put, they are: autologous iliac crest、allograft+rhBMP-2、xeograft+rhBMP-2、and xeograft+HA.

34只成年日本大耳白兔，在不破坏脊柱后侧稳定结构的前提下，显露双侧的L5、L6横突，用磨钻去皮质，然后每侧分别随机地植入2.5ml左右的下列四种植入物：自体髂骨、同种冷冻干燥异体骨+rhBMP-2、异种冷冻干燥骨+rhBMP-2、异种冷冻干燥骨+HA。

There are many methods for the treatment of removal of antigen in peripheral allogenic nerve,such as predegeneration of the neuron,deepfrozen nerve grafts,freezingdrying nerve grafts,frozenirradiated nerve grafts,freezingthawing nerve grafts.

神经原位的预变性、单纯深低温冷冻处理、冷冻干燥法处理、冷冻和放射方法处理、冻融处理方法处理及化学去细胞萃取方法等方法是周围神经移植物去抗原方法的主要的研究方法。

The technology of deepfrozen nerve grafts,freezingdrying nerve grafts,frozenirradiated nerve grafts,freezingthawing nerve grafts,are more mature and simpler to apply.However,their effects are also unstable.

单纯深低温冷冻处理、冷冻干燥法处理、冷冻和放射方法处理、冻融处理方法处理等方法技术较成熟、方法简单，但在实验及临床中都存在着不能彻底有效清除抗原问题，使其效果不稳定。

The study was conducted at 25℃ to cryopreserve the Australia Boer goat blastocysts and compacted morulae by one or two-step straw (Experiment 1) and OPS methods (Experiment 2) with vitrification solutions (EFS30, ESF40, EDFS30 and EDFS40) or by slow freezing (Experiment 3) with cryopretectant (1.5 mol/L EG).

在25℃室温下，采用细管法和OPS法，以不同浓度的EFS、EDFS为玻璃化冷冻液，对澳洲波尔山羊致密桑椹胚和囊胚进行玻璃化冷冻保存。同时利用1.5mol/L EG为抗冻保护剂对胚胎进行常规法冷冻保存。

The result shows that the cooling capacity increases with increasing generator heat transfer. The coefficient of performance of the system increases when the quantity of the generator heat transfer is increased from 6 kW to 7 kW, however it decreases in the range of 7 kW-9 kW. When the fan frequency increases, the temperature of liquid ammonia leaving condenser decreases, while the cooling capacity and the COP of the system increases. When the flow rate and inlet temperature of water/glycol increases, the evaporator takes more heat away and the cooling capacity and COP of the system increases.

其结果可发现当发生器加热量增加，系统温度增加系统冷冻能力增加，但其COP於6 kW-7 kW 系统COP会有先增加，於7 kW-9 kW，系统COP会有下掉的趋势；在冷凝器方面，当风扇频率增加，冷凝器温度降低时，冷凝器出口冷媒随之降低，系统冷冻能力会有所提高，COP亦增加；在蒸发器方面，蒸发器卤水出口温度及卤水流量增加，可以使蒸发器带走更多的热量其系统冷冻能力及COP也就会相对增加。

Typically, operator involvement in a computer controlled lyophilization cycle primarily occurs at the beginning. It consists of loading the chamber, inserting temperature probes in product vials, and entering cycle parameters such as shelf temperature for freezing, product freeze temperature, freezing soak time, primary drying shelf temperature and cabinet pressure, product temperature for establishment of fill vacuum, secondary drying shelf temperature, and secondary drying time.

包括前箱的摆放、向产品瓶中插入温度探头，输入循环参数，例如：板层冷冻温度、产品冷冻温度、追加冷冻时间、主干燥时的板层温度和前箱压力、开始抽真空时的产品温度、第二次干燥时的板层温度、第二次干燥的时间。

Spout cryoprobe use less liquid CO2 than conductive cryoprobe. The paper shows that this cryoprobe has better cure effective. Synchronous gets the growth velocity and diameter character of ice ball in different biological tissue along the

本文研究表明：冷冻刀效果较明显，本文得出了不同刀头直径冷冻不同组织时冰球的生长速度及大小以及其对热流密度的响应，从而为临床应用提供了重要的理论依据，有望推动冷冻外科手术和器械的发展应用。

The results suggested that chitinhad a good solubility in the new solvent when its at -30℃and below, but the solubilityof chitin no longer increasesd notable as the temperature reduced; The joined of urea, incertain degree, strengthened the solvency of alkali solvent to chitin. When theconcentration of sodium hydroxide is 8%～12%, Chitin had a good solubility, and theapparent viscosity of chitin solution could up to 4000 mpa·s～5000mpa·s at roomtemperature; In addition,the solubility of chitin in new solvent was high when therefrigerated time was three days and above, but the refrigerated time could not too long,otherwise, the deacetylize degree of chitin got more bigger. The properties of chitin solution were tested by revolving viscosimeter, FT-IR,X-RD and so on.

结果表明，在-30℃及以下甲壳素能很好的溶解于新溶剂中，但甲壳素的溶解度不再随温度的下降而有所增大，而是基本保持不变；尿素的加入，在一定程度上强化了强碱溶剂对甲壳素的溶解，当新溶剂中NaOH浓度为8％～12％时，甲壳素在试验温度下可以获得较好的溶解度，所得溶液在室温下的表观黏度达4000 mpa·s～5000mp·s；冷冻时间为3 d及以上时，有利于甲壳素的溶解，超过3 d，甲壳素的溶解度变化不大，另外，冷冻条件下，甲壳素在强碱溶剂中仍会发生脱乙酰化反应，冷冻时间不宜太长。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了