冷冻

After confluence, there is no clear margin between cells and only nuclear apophysis could be observed. Cell monolayer was smooth like quiet lake surface.

自制的胚胎冷冻液含有三种不同的冷冻保护剂(包括渗透性和非渗透性保护剂)，冷冻胚胎解冻后可用率在95％左右，比常用的DMSO冷冻液更适宜于这三种细胞的冷冻保存。

The oocytes were divided into slow-freezing group and vitrification group, according to the cryopreservation methods. And then the vitrification group was divided into self-made up solution group and commercial solution group, and the survival rate, fertilization rate, cleavage rate and blastulation rate of all groups were compared.

根据冷冻方法分为程序化冷冻组和玻璃化冷冻组，又将玻璃化冷冻组分为自配液冷冻组和成品液冷冻组，比较各组存活率、受精率、卵裂率及囊胚形成率。

For improving the quality of Chinese tradition frozen flour food,providing processing informa- tion for frozen flour food industry,standard wheat flour in market was selected as the material,second re- gress correctitude was performed with forceand tractilityas target,two second order quadratic equations for frozen dough sheet processing were built.

以市售标准粉为材料，利用二次回归正交旋转试验设计，分别以冷冻面片质构特性参数破碎力和延展性为响应值建立了冷冻面片制作的二次多项数学模型，验证了模型的有效性，采用响应曲面法(response surface methodology，RSM)考察了交互作用的影响，并根据方程求解出稳定点的水平值，从而确定出冷冻面片制作工艺的优化参数为：和面速度240 r/min，和面时间5 min，和面加水量40%，静置时间30 min，冷冻温度-30℃，冷冻时间5h。

However, the study indicated that the fecundation ability was decreased no matter what cryoprotective mediums and what freezing methods were used, companied with the losing of proteins, changing of proteins expressing quantity and increasing or decreasing of the function and activity in sperm after cryopreservation. Now, the study is altering to exploit the essence of the change of protein structure and function, and elucidate the cryodamage mechanism of sperm cryopreservation, which may provide the basic theory for cryopreservation of boar semen and promote the rapid development of the technique of boar semen cryopreservation.

但研究表明，无论采用何种冷冻保护剂、何种冷冻方法都损害了精子的受精能力，并伴随有蛋白质的丢失、表达量的改变、功能活性的增减等，这种研究现状迫使该领域的研究向充分揭示冷冻对精子损伤的机理方向转移，希望通过揭示冷冻保存所导致的蛋白质结构和功能改变的实质，充分阐明冷冻损伤的机理，为猪精液冷冻保存提供理论依据，并最终促进猪精液冷冻保存技术的快速发展。

All the parameters decreased over frozen storage time; Hardness, springiness, chewiness, gumminess, cohensiveness and resilience of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea under-50℃ were higher than that under-18℃, while adhensiveness under-50℃ was lower than that under-18℃.

随着冷冻贮藏期的延长，养殖大黄鱼的各个参数都在下降；-50℃冷冻贮藏条件下大黄鱼的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性、胶黏性、凝聚性和恢复性这些参数均高于-18℃冷冻贮藏条件下的大黄鱼，-50℃冷冻贮藏条件下大黄鱼的黏附性低于-18℃冷冻贮藏条件下的大黄鱼。

PartⅡFeasibility of vitrifying normospermic samples using droplets without cryoprotectans Objective Discuss the feasibility of droplets to vitrify normospermic samples without cryoprotectants. Methods Normal prepared sperm were frozen by conventional freezing protocol and non-cryoprotectant freezing in droplets respectively. Freezing in droplets means freezing sperm in every 10ul drop. After thawing, compared the two groups'sperm mobilities.

第二部分微滴法无保护剂玻璃化冷冻正常精子的可行性探讨目的探讨在不添加冷冻保护剂的情况下微滴法玻璃化冷冻正常精子的可行性方法收集16份正常精液标本，上游处理后分别进行慢速冷冻和微滴法冷冻，微滴法即用拉细巴氏管将标本形成10ul的液滴，直接投入液氮内冻存，复苏后镜检其活动率。

After that, the comparison of the fertilizable competences of ICSI and IVF on cryopreservated oocytes was studied in this article, in order to establish an optimized method to improve the fertilizable competences of oocytes up to the level of embryos.1 Effects of the reducing injury methods on IVF of cryopreservated oocytesThe result of the three methods, choosing the right time oocytes, using minimum size sample vitrification and culturing after thawing, showed that these ways could partly maintained the fertilizable competences of cryopreservated bovine oocytes.

减轻损伤方案对冷冻卵母细胞IVF的影响使用选择合适时期的卵母细胞进行冷冻；采用最小样本量玻璃化冷冻方法进行冷冻；在解冻后先孵育再进行体外受精等三种方案能够部分维持或恢复冷冻牛卵母细胞IVF受精能力。

Three weeks afer the allografting,there was no significant difference between the two al lografting groups in maximum load(P＞0.05),Eight weeks later,the maximum load of the group that was preserved by liquid nitrogen after program freezing(76.60±4.67)N was better than the group that was preserved by －80℃ deepfrozen(75.99±4.20) and similar with the autografting group(76.72±2.55).4.The healing process and histological behavior of the two deepfrozen groups are similar with the autografting group,and the program freezing group is better.

结果 a经程序冷冻液氮保存方法处理后，髌腱的最大载荷无明显下降，细胞活性得到了较好的保存，组织学观察冷冻损伤较－80℃深低温保存方法轻微；b程序冷冻液氮保存处理的移植物在术后未表现明显的排斥反应，且免疫反应随时间的推移而下降；c移植后3周，各组移植物的最大载荷无显著差异(P＞0.05)，移植后8周，程序冷冻液氮保存组移植物的最大载荷(55.87±1.86)N优于－80℃深低温保存组(52.14±2.79)，而和自体移植组相近(57.70±2.76)N；d从组织学观察看，－80℃深低温保存组和程序冷冻液氮保存组移植后的愈合过程均和自体移植组相似，而程序冷冻液氮保存组的愈合过程和组织学行为更接近于自体移植组。

Results 1.After treated by:program freezing,the maximum load of the allografts has no evident decrease and the cell activity of allografts was preserved well,the frozen hurt after program freezing was more slight than －80℃ deepfrozen,2.No evident reject reaction can be seen during the healing process after deep frozen and the reject reaction declined as the time pass by.3.Three weeks afer the allografting,there was no significant difference between the two al lografting groups in maximum load(P＞0.05),Eight weeks later,the maximum load of the group that was preserved by liquid nitrogen after program freezing(76.60±4.67)N was better than the group that was preserved by －80℃ deepfrozen(75.99±4.20) and similar with the autografting group(76.72±2.55).4.The healing process and histological behavior of the two deepfrozen groups are similar with the autografting group,and the program freezing group is better.

结果 a经程序冷冻液氮保存方法处理后，髌腱的最大载荷无明显下降，细胞活性得到了较好的保存，组织学观察冷冻损伤较－80℃深低温保存方法轻微；b程序冷冻液氮保存处理的移植物在术后未表现明显的排斥反应，且免疫反应随时间的推移而下降；c移植后3周，各组移植物的最大载荷无显著差异(P＞0.05)，移植后8周，程序冷冻液氮保存组移植物的最大载荷(55.87±1.86)N优于－80℃深低温保存组(52.14±2.79)，而和自体移植组相近(57.70±2.76)N；d从组织学观察看，－80℃深低温保存组和程序冷冻液氮保存组移植后的愈合过程均和自体移植组相似，而程序冷冻液氮保存组的愈合过程和组织学行为更接近于自体移植组。

In this paper, the changes of frozen doughs' temperature during freezing-storing and thawing were studied, and the better technology condition of freezing storing and thawing were selected.

研究了冷冻面团在冷冻贮存和解冻过程中面团温度的变化，并选择了冷冻面团面包的最佳冷冻贮存和解冻的工艺条件：面团 30℃、90 %～ 95%rh前发酵 2 0min ，成型后于- 2 0℃冷冻贮存；冷冻面团可在打开包装后，38℃，95%rh解冻 4 0min ，32℃，95%rh醒发 55min ，或用微波炉解冻档解冻 1min再打开包装，32℃，95%rh醒发 95mi

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了