决策

After presenting a brief overview of tree-building algorithm and tree-pruning algorithm of traditional decision trees, the paper describes how to push constraints into the tree-building phase and tree-pruning phase in detail.

离网预测采用了决策树分类器，本文在描述决策树算法中所涉及到的建树、代价计算、剪枝等问题之后，给出了在建树中和建树后分别加入限制条件的修剪算法。

Based on the water environment spatial data mining and visualization method, the paper presents these main characteristics and innovations:①Measurement of contamination fluxes:A scene-based research strategy is proposed:measurement /water quality analysis→flow field simulation→contamination transformation rule→fluxes scene simulation→temporal-spatial rule analysis.②Serial numerical models of water environment in the Qiantang River:The controlled equations of the flow field model of the main river,united controlled equations of the main contamination fluxes and water quality prediction model at emergent time are set up.③GIS-based water quality and contamination fluxes decision-making assistance system:A water environment database has been set up;based on MapX and C#.net platform,a system has been developed to facilitate visual inquiry,decision-making and graphics export.

本文基于水环境空间数据挖掘与可视化的研究方法与体系，研究中的主要特色与创新点为：①河流污染物通量测算的技术与方法：提出了基于工况测量/水质分析→流场模拟→污染规律解析→通量情景模拟→时空规律分析的研究方案；②钱塘江水环境模拟系列数学模型：建立了钱塘江干流研究区域流场数学模型的控制方程、主要污染物通量模型的联合控制方程、突发污染事故水质预报模型的基本方程；③基于GIS的水质预报与污染物通量决策支持系统的研发：建立水环境时空数据库，基于MapX和C#。net平台进行系统的构建与开发，为研究的系列成果提供可视化的查询、决策与图形输出。

This task school of high post of traffic of will comprehensive, systems analysis is active the mechanism moves inside managerial system, investment system of organization and administrative system and school, main feature and development trend reach industry of transportation of analytic our country talent demand, consider and offer transportation mechanism theory moves inside the managerial system with high post new school, investment system of organization and administrative system and school, form relatively the general and academic; of school education mode is traffic high post of the system management and decision-making branch provide decision-making basis related our country, for traffic high post practice of school education mode provides guidance, for our country practice of industry education mode is offerred draw lessons from.

该课题将全面、系统分析交通高职院校现行办学体制、投资体制和管理体制及校内运行机制，分析我国交通行业基本特征和发展趋向及人才需求，探究并提出交通高职院校新的办学体制、投资体制和管理体制及校内运行机制理论，形成较为系统的交通高职院校办学模式的一般理论；为我国相关管理和决策部门提供决策依据，为交通高职院校办学模式实践提供指导，为我国行业办学模式实践提供借鉴。

This software makes use of the technology of database,RS,management and analysis of space data of GIS, model compute, and can be used as the assistant of the government decision-making, the accessorial tool of treating with the city disaster,and provide the facilit methed of programming and building of city.

该产品集数据库技术、RS、GIS的空间数据管理分析、模型计算等技术为基础，可用于政府管部门进行决策辅助，城市灾难应急等方面的决策辅助工具，也为城市发展规划、城市建设等方面提供便捷的手段。

Data mining with decision tree analysis revealed that different combinations of morning stiffness, slight red tongue, joint tenderness and nocturnal polyuria in the CM group, and those of white furin tongue, CRP level, leucocyte count and morning stiffness in the WM group showed different efficacy, whichwere also verified in the randomly chosen verifying set.

决策树分析结果显示：中药治疗组中晨僵、舌淡红、关节压痛程度、夜尿多4项观测指标不同组合患者的中药治疗疗效有差异；西药组中舌苔白、C反应蛋白、白细胞数量和晨僵4项观测指标不同组合患者的中药治疗疗效有差异；同时，决策树分类的结果在随机选取的验证集中也得到了验证。

In the experiment 1, it focuses on how the subject variables affect risk-taking tendency and validating the prospect theory under lottery situation.

在实验1中，主要研究了个体因素在彩票风险情景中的作用，调查问卷的数据显示，被试的年龄，收入，学历对被试的决策行为产生了显著影响，同时在此基础上解释了风险决策行为是否符合前景理论。

The main idea is to introduce a single-tap decision-directed equalizer and a single-tap feedback filter in the GSC structure, resulting in a decision feedback GSC. The least-mean-square algorithm is used for adaptation and the convergence behavior of the adaptive DFGSC is fully analyzed.

主要的构想是於广义旁波带消除器中加入一单权重决策主导等化器（decision-directed equalizer）和一单权重回授滤波器，而成为决策回授广义旁波带消除器。

The result of simulation shows:(1) Different goals of production decision making have different influences on grassland degradation. The production decisions aiming at income maximization is more favorable for relieving grassland pressure that the ones aiming at scale maximization.(2) The effect of herdsman's self-restriction on inhibiting grassland degradation is not less then government mandatory regulation for the grassland utilization;(3) Under the situation of overgrazing, The price rise of livestock products will be helpful to decrease the breeding scale;(4) The application of production technology in risk reduction will be helpful to decrease the breeding scale.

对模拟结果的分析表明：(1)以收入最大化为目标的生产决策比以规模最大化为目标的生产决策更有利于缓解草场压力；(2)牧民的自我约束对抑制草地退化的效果不小于来自政府强制性约束的效果；(3)在目前超载过牧的情况下，价格上涨有助于降低饲养规模；(4)降低生产风险的生产技术进步有助于减少饲养规模。

The "self studying " of the system in operation makes it continuously self-perfecting and more adaptive, then become a users system with the property of community, adaptive and easy use.

该系统基于面向对象特征技术及典型零件加工工艺路线模式化特点提出了一种cAPP系统工艺路线决策方法—面向对象特征的模板式工艺决策方法。

In order to solve dynamic, complicated and uncertain problems, multi-agents based distributed intelligence decision support systems, description and decomposition of complicated decision tasks, and cooperation and reasoning among multi-agents are elaborated in this paper. The details are given as follows. 1. Agent and ABDIDSS modelsIn allusion to the current problems of research on agents theory models, payoff and probability factors are introduced on the basis of mental state models of classical BDI of agent and joint BDI of multi-agents in this paper, mental state models of individual agents and joint metal state models of group agents based on payoff and probability factors are built up. Introducing payoff and probability factors satisfies requirements of uncertainty and self-benefit of agents to the environments.

本文针对动态的、复杂的以及不确定问题，以基于多Agents的分布式智能决策支持系统及复杂决策任务的描述与分解、多Agents之间的协作与推理机制为研究内容，具体的研究内容如下： 1、Agent和ASDIDSS模型针对当前多Agents理论模型研究存在的问题，文章在经典Agent的BDI以及联合BDI等心智状态模型基础上引入效用与概率因子，建立基于效用与概率因子的个体Agent的心智状态模型以及群组Agent联合心智状态模型，引入效用与概率因子满足Agent对环境的不确定性以及自利性的要求。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。