决疑法

And it holds that the establishment of a kind of integrated moral views on life in consistent with the goal of current medicine is the premise to the cultivation of trust relationship and the adherence to the bottommost ethical principles aiming at the three different levels of patient-physician relations is the foundation of trust relationship between two parties.

在此基础上，重点讨论了基于诚信的患医关系如何构建的问题，认为任何缺乏统一性、稳定性、连续性的生命道德观的生命伦理学，在临床伦理决策中不可避免地会推崇决疑法和情境伦理学方法，从而破坏患者对医方的信任度；认为一种符合于当前医学目的的、统一的生命道德观的确立是培育诚信关系的前提，而针对三个不同层次患医关系的最底线伦理原则的坚守是双方诚信关系构建的基础。

There is hardly any perplexity in casuistry, or in the analysis of motive, which we may not be called upon to confront, if we attempt to settle such a point with precision; and accordingly the law of our day shows an increasing tendency to abstain as much as possible from laying down positive rules on the subject.

如果我们企图正确地解决这个问题，我们在决疑上，或在动机的分析上，必将遇到困难；因此，我们今日的法律就开始了一种日益增长的倾向，尽可能对这问题不在现实法上加以规定。

The system of casuistry that,in those cases in which expert opinions on ethics are in doubt concerning the licitness of an act,allows an actor to follow the solidly probable opinion that favors the actor's personal liberty even though an opposing opinion, favoring law,may be more probable.

盖然论，或然论一种决疑法，根据这种决疑系统，当关于伦理的权威观念就某一行为的合法性存在疑点的，则允许行为者遵行对其个人自由有利的或然的或可能的观点，尽管有时相反的有利于法律的观念具有更大的或然性

It is not a mere theoretical explanation, but is so replete with juridical and casuistical details that it may be called an inexhaustible fountain for manuals of casuistry.

它不是一个纯粹的理论解释，但就是这么充满法人和casuistical细节，它可被称为取之不尽，用之不竭的喷泉，为手册的决疑。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。