冲陷

along with the development of digital technology,digital filters are widely used in many fields,this paper introduces how to design a iir digital notch filters in matlab environment.the design of digital notch filters can be achieved through three steps:firstly,the design of analog lowpass filter; secondly,it is analog lowpass to analog band stop filter conversion;at last,using the bilinear transformation make the analog notch filters change into digital notch filters.the paper also introduces how to design the transfer function of the digital notch filters using all the zeros and farthest points at the same time,it also introduces the program of the digital notch filters under butterworth analog lowpass prototype.

摘 要：随着数字技术的发展，数字滤波器在许多领域得到广泛的应用。研究一种在matlab语言环境下设计iir数字陷波滤波器的方法，在数字陷波滤波器设计过程中，先进行模拟低通滤波器的设计，然后进行模拟低通/模拟带阻滤波器转换，最后采用双线性变化法将模拟陷波滤波器转化成数字陷波滤波器。提出一种用所有零点和极点来表达数字陷波器传递函数的方法，同时给出以巴特沃斯模拟低通为原型设计数字陷波滤波器的程序。关键词：无限冲激响应；巴特沃斯滤波器；数字陷波滤波器；matlab；双线性变换

We also make the calculation of the FEM in with indoor data, then we detrude safety factory of anti-liquefaction、 vibration shearing strength and level vertical displacement of these improvement measure on tie condition of earthquake, we could determinant these methods after series analysis of the results.

结合室内试验数据，通过有限元计算，得出几种处理措施在地震作用下的抗液化安全系数、动剪应力、水平位移和竖向沉降位移和震陷情况，对计算结果进行分析，判定几种处理方案的可行性；最后对振冲碎石桩方案进行合理性分析，得出最优化方案。

The tectonic evolution of southern Junggar basin can be classified into seven stages: stage of intracontinental rift from middle Periman to late Late Carboniferous; stage of weak extension and peneplane from late Permian to early Triassic; stable depression stage in middle-late Triassic; maximal basin formation phase in the setting of weak extension in early-middle Jurassic; inactive depressed basin formation phase in thrust setting in middle-late Jurassic; stable depression stage in Cretaceous and Eogene; foreland depressed basin formation phase in thrust setting in Neocene and Quaternary.

准噶尔盆地南缘晚石炭世以来盆地构造演化可划分为七个演化阶段：晚石炭世—中二叠世陆内裂谷作用阶段；晚二叠世到早三叠世处于弱伸展-稳定坳陷作用阶段；中、晚三叠世准平原化作用阶段；早、中侏罗世为弱伸展背景下广盆形成阶段；中、晚侏罗世冲断背景下的坳陷盆地形成阶段；白垩纪到古近纪弱伸展背景下的稳定坳陷盆地形成阶段；新近纪—第四纪为冲断背景下的前陆坳陷盆地形成阶段。

The geotectonic evolution in east Tarim b asin has involved seven stages:basement formation in the pre-Sinian,faulted blocking of continental margin in pre-Caledoni an epoch,sag stage in late-Caledoni an epoch,foreland upwarp from Hercyni an to Indo-Chinese epoch,foreland b asin from Indo-Chinese to pre-Ye nshan epoch,intracontinental sag b asin in late-Yenshan epoch and faulted b asin in Himalayan epoch.

塔东地区的大地构造演化经历了前震旦纪基底形成阶段、早加里东期大陆边缘断陷盆地阶段、晚加里东期隆后坳陷阶段、海西期前陆隆起阶段、印支期—早燕山期冲断前陆盆地阶段、晚燕山期陆内坳陷盆地阶段和喜山期断陷盆地阶段

Based on the effect of the sanding on the bradenhead, the ground flow pipeline gtv and surface equipment in high pressure and high gas rate well in west Sichuan, and combination with actual engineering geologic characteristic and operation status, the paper analyzed the influencing factor of sanding in the fractured well, and put forward the countermeasures to effectively prevent sanding.

川西坳陷致密砂岩气藏拥有大量的高压高产气井，支撑剂回流出砂问题比较突出。由于气井压力高、产量高、流速快，加砂压裂后常出现支撑剂回流出砂的现象，对井口及地面流程管线闸阀、地面设备造成强烈的冲蚀破坏作用，已经严重影响到气田高压高产气井的正常生产。

The early stage of the Yanshan movement generated an Early Jurassic downfaulted basin and a Middle Jurassic compressional-downwarped coalaccumulating basin.In the middle stage,the Mid-Late Jurassic witnessed the formation of a volcanic downfaulted basin bounded by NW and NE deep faults,intermediate-basic and acid volcanic eruption and hypabyssal and near-sur...

燕山运动早期形成早侏罗世断陷盆地和中侏罗世挤压坳陷型聚煤构造盆地；中期中晚侏罗世形成被NW、NE向深大断裂围限的火山断陷盆地，中基性—酸性火山喷发和浅成、超浅成中酸性岩浆侵入，晚侏罗世末形成了一系列NNE向褶皱和逆冲推覆构造带；晚期早白垩世再次形成断陷盆地和开阔平缓褶皱，义县组不整合在火山岩之上，晚白垩世处于挤压造山后的山体隆升阶段，左云组不整合在义县组之上，伴随有壳源型花岗岩侵入，NW、NE向断裂复活，形成地堑、地垒式断裂组合，导致山体隆升。

Among above deformation, the thrust-fold structure formed in Triassic established the E-W trend framework controlling the distribution of the late compressive settling. The NNE-NE trend obduction zone and regional folds is contributed to effect of Tethys tectonic region superimposed by Paleo-Pacific tectonic region.

其中三叠纪挤压变形产生的冲断—褶皱构造，奠定了本区中生代近东西向构造格局，并控制后期挤压坳陷型盆地的的空间展布规律；晚侏罗世早期挤压形成的北北东—北东向逆冲推覆构造带和区域性褶皱是特提斯构造域与古太平洋构造域共同叠加的结果。

We have concluded five key tectonics geologic characteristics of Chinese foreland basins based on the study of the sedimentary infill, tectonics evolution, tectonic dynamics, spatial location distribution and structural deformation geometry.(1) The foreland basin is the superimposition of the compression sedimentary stratigraphic sequence with the extension basin, and the foreland basin includes underlying rift basin and upper dustpan flexure deposited basin.(2) The foreland thrustfold structural deformation has occurred four times since the Protozoic, in the Late Caledonian, Late Hercynian, Indosinan and Late Himalayan, respectively.(3) The foreland basin developed based on the control of two factors that are the basin basement collaged by many small plates or terrains and the rejuvenation of ancient orogenic belt, so the foreland basins or foreland thrusts are located in front of ancient orogenic belt.(4) The foreland basins and the rejuvenation of ancient orogenic belt make up a giant basinmountains system resulting from the distant effect of IndiaEurasia collision, which is located on the outer circle of Tibet Plateau, so the thrust deformation intensity, basin deposition range and coupling between orogenic belt and basin changed from strong to weak as from interior to outer circle of Tibet Plateau.(5) There are many structural styles of the thrust and fold belt in different basins, such as brittle behavior faultrelated fold, ductile behavior basementinvolved structure, basementinvolved faultrelated fold, and salt structure.

在综述前人认识的基础上，笔者通过对中国前陆盆地的构造演化历程、沉积充填特征、构造成因及其空间分布规律、构造变形特征等的研究，提出了中国前陆盆地构造地质发育的5个主要特征：(1)两种不同性质的原型盆地发生正反转的叠合性，即挤压构造下作为&本体&的前陆层序与拉张构造下作为&基础&的裂谷、断陷盆地之间的叠置；(2)显生宙以来中国大陆先后发生了4期前陆冲断构造演化的多期性，它们分别是加里东晚期、海西晚期、印支期和喜马拉雅晚期；(3)基于小克拉通基底拼贴后在造山带前缘复活再生的继承性，即统一拼合大陆内部的构造变形导致古造山带的复活，在古造山带边缘发育新生代前陆盆地或前陆冲断带；(4)在空间分布上受环青藏高原巨型盆山体系控制发生陆内变形的系统性，在环青藏高原巨型盆山体系内构造变形强度、盆地沉降幅度、盆山耦合程度等从内环向外环依次降低，从古造山带向克拉通方向构造变形强度依次降低，构造变形样式逐渐简单、构造变形时间依次变新；(5)前陆冲断带的构造样式由于受边界力学条件和沉积地层介质作用而具有多变性，存在沉积盖层内脆性变形的断层相关褶皱、造山带前缘韧性变形的基底卷入构造、与走滑构造相伴生的基底卷入的断层相关褶皱、盆地内部塑性变形的盐构造。

The shortening amount,ratio, rate of of Wuboer area is 32km,40.2%,7.17mm/a,respectively.(3) The Kuzigongsu fault subsidence has several asymmetric half-graben depressions from west to east.These half grabens are characteristic of west-faulting and east-overlapping.According to this phenomenon,the source of the sediments may be mainly from "Wulagen Uplift" to the west when the basin formed.

3认为库孜贡苏断陷盆地自西向东发育多个不对称的侏罗纪箕状断陷，断陷结构为西断东超，说明该盆地形成时主要物源来自于西部的&乌拉根隆起&，由此揭示了南天山西段冲断带东西部分古生界分布差异性的原因。

In author's opinion, it had taken place back-arc foreland thrust belt during Triassic abased on the S-D peripheral foreland basin thrust nappe in South-eastern Tarim depression and Southern Tarim uplift, which made of a series of nappes and fault-related folds from south to north.

初步提出盆地南缘在志留—泥盆纪周缘前陆冲断系的基础上发育三叠纪古弧后前陆冲断带。它位于现今塔里木盆地的东南坳陷和塔南隆起地区，由一系列自盆地南部边缘向盆地内部叠瓦冲断的逆断层及相关褶皱组成的复杂冲断构造。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。