冲量

The blast power of TBE was higher due to the enhancement of afterburning to shock wave. The percentage of total energy released in explosive reaction of TBE was about 42% as analysis, which indicated that it had potential to be improved. A modified thermobaric explosive containing chemically active material was studied by experiment.

对含化学活性材料温压药剂M-TBE的实验表明：其冲击波曲线有两个规律的正压作用区；二次冲击波在火球区外形成，火球区内是后续燃烧反应对爆炸波增强而引起的压缩波积累压力平台；二次冲击波峰值压力不小于第一个冲击波的40%，二次冲量占总冲量的12.5%~43.7%，其对爆炸/冲击波威力的贡献不可忽略；化学活性材料对温压药剂的后续燃烧反应有增强作用，有利于二次冲击波的形成和传播。

In the experiments, it was found that the momentum coupling coefficient of multi-pulse propulsion was lower than that of the single pulse case for the air-breathing mode.

研究了大气模式激光推进中多脉冲推进的冲量耦合系数低于单脉冲推进的冲量耦合系数的机理。

The primary principle of micro-impulse measurement using laser interferometry is described, and impulse can obtained by measuring tiny vibration of ballistic pendulum.

对激光干涉仪测量微冲量的原理进行了初步研究，将激光与靶材相互作用产生的微冲量转化为冲击摆的微幅振动，通过激光干涉仪辨识此振动以获得冲量。

The results show that overpressure bench mark is well suited for describing anomaly distribution, and momentum bench mark can provide better measure for shockwave damage. Along with increasing of the branch deflexion angle, the primary tunnel momentum increases and the branch tunnel momentum decreases, and plane shockwave recover distance also increase but will not exceed six times equivalent diameter.

研究结果表明：超压准则适用于描述分布的不均性，而冲量准则能更好地衡量分叉巷道中冲击波的破坏作用；分叉角度的影响较大，随着分叉偏转角的增大，主巷道内冲量将增大而分巷道内冲量将减小，恢复"平面波"的距离也增大，但不超过6倍巷道等效直径。

The system parameters of the compound pendulum are calibrated in slow loading condition; and the maximal angle is measured in impact loading condition.

本文分析了编码器的基本特征，建立了一套以编码器为核心的复摆冲量测量系统，给出了编码器在冲量缓慢加载阶段复摆系统参数标定及冲击加载阶段最大摆角测量的应用结果。

Key words:incremental revolving encoder;compound pendulum;impulse;slow loading;impact loading

本文分析了编码器的基本特征，建立了一套以编码器为核心的复摆冲量测量系统，给出了编码器在冲量缓慢加载阶段复摆系统参数标定及冲击加载阶段最大摆角测量的应用结果。

Positive and negative impulse of deflagration was acquired by means of calculation with pressure recorded by a data-acquisition system whose dynamic responding time was less than 1 ms.

对正、负冲量与障碍物的半径、空隙率的关系以及爆燃场的冲量分布进行了分析。

boiler is a important power equipment,the require is to provide qualified vapour,let the amount of vapour maked by boiler suit for the load.because of this,every main parameter in the process of the product should be strict controlled.this paper is introduced same main control system in the process of boiler control、concentrate and disperse control system 、the characteristic and the develop of the MCGS compose status software.integrate with the technique of the boiler, discuss the single momentum, double momentum, three momentum boiler control system distinguishly.we think in the process of micro boiler control, three momentum control is the best choice,and has been well implemented in the water level mediation.further more,use the concentrate and disperse control and MCGS compose statue sofeware can achieve the control of the boiler,and can reach a fine effect..

锅炉是一个重要的动力设备，其要求是供给合格的蒸汽，使锅炉发气量适合负荷的需要。为此，生产过程的各个主要参数必须严格控制。本设计了研究锅炉控制过程的几个主要控制系统，以及集散控制系统和MCGS组态软件的特点和发展状况。结合锅炉的工艺情况，针对单冲量、双冲量、三冲量锅炉控制系统，对它们存在的利弊做出了比较和分析。结合生产实践，对三冲量的算法进行比较，认为在小型锅炉控制过程中，三冲量控制是最好的选择，并在水位调节中得到很好的应用。

Firstly, from Gauss' equations and relative motion equations, the relation of control impulse and relative motion was expressed as analysis formulas and simplified based on the near circular condition. By deeply analyzing the mechanism of impulses in each directions (radial, in-track and cross-track directions) effect on relative motion respectively, two maneuvers to establish formation flying are provided: one is to utilize the impulses in radial and cross-track directions, the other is to utilize the impulses in along-track and cross-track directions. Both of the two methods can establish satellite formation flying of any configuration. The method with impulses irradial and cross-track directions needs only 3 impulses, while the method with impulses in along-back and cross-track directions needs 4 impulses. Lastly, by an example of establishing a space-circle formation flying, two maneuvers were compared with each other in the amount of impulses and fuel consuming estimation.

首先由高斯型拉格朗日轨道摄动运动方程得到轨道坐标系中控制冲量与轨道根数偏差的关系，基于近圆轨道的条件简化并带入相对运动方程，得到控制冲量与相对运动的关系表达式；通过深入分析各个方向（径向、沿迹向与轨道面法向）的控制冲量对相对运动的影响，给出了分别用径向与轨道面法向控制冲量组合和沿迹向与轨道面法向控制冲量组合实现编队捕获的两种控制策略；最后给出了一个空间圆编队捕获实例，并从燃料消耗、施加冲量次数及捕获时间等角度对比研究了两种控制策略的特点。

Based on point explosion theory , the approximate analytical formulas of momentum coupling coefficient and impulse of cone and parabolic crafts are deduced. The results show that the total axial impact momentum for parabolic craft is larger than that of cone craft and it increases with the increase of half open angle.

以LSD/LSC波理论为基础建立了一个近似的理论解析模型，推导出圆锥形和抛物形飞行器获得的冲量及冲量耦合系数的近似解析表达式，公式表明冲量耦合系数随着半张角的增加而增加，同时抛物形飞行器要比圆锥形飞行器的动量汇聚效果好。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。