冲刷

After the river channel shifted, the discharging center of pressure was generated from the seabed erosion, on which the diapir came into being.

黄河口摆动后，海底快速冲刷，在最大冲刷中心也是最大压力释放中心刺穿体形成，随着海洋侵蚀速率减缓，刺穿作用将逐渐减弱，最终将被冲刷消亡。

Net Framework to develop Windows software for the capacity of bridge prevent-flood which uses two different kinds of scouring depth: Melville and Coleman Method and CSU Method. Calculate the partial scouring effect to the pier when the flood scours, and then to understand the situation of foundation exposedness. According to the analysis of calculation, determine the safety of bridge, and maintain at the right moment.

Net的软体平台上采用C#程式语言开发一套桥梁耐洪能力电脑辅助评估系统，利用两种不同计算冲刷深度的方法，分别为Melville and Coleman计算方法及CSU计算方法，去计算当洪水冲刷时，对桥墩所造成的局部冲刷深度影响，进而了解基础裸露的情况，并且由计算分析结果，判读桥梁的安全性，适时於予维护。

Based on analysis of the factors affecting subgrade local scour along the river such as condition of stream,condition of bed form,geometric boundary condition of river,water depth and speed of every section,scour depth of parapet,the progress of scour and the form of stream near parapet were observed through the way of field model experiment.

在对沿河路基局部冲刷影响因素如水流条件、河床沙条件和河流几何边界条件等进行分析的基础上，通过野外模型试验，观测了河流各断面的水深、流速、护墙的冲刷深度和冲刷的发展过程及护墙附近的水流形态。

The safety criterion of groyne erosion due to flow scour has been taken into account.

提出了用丁坝端部冲刷坑的当量坡度小于冲刷坑坡度的临界值JD作为丁坝抗冲刷破坏的安全准则。

Groyne ; erosion scour ; stability of erosion ; critical slope of eroded pit ; reliability analysis of random system

丁坝；局部冲刷；冲刷的稳定性；临界冲刷坑坡率；随机系统可靠性

This paper presents the mechanism of erosion scour around groynes of levee projects and a probability method of the reliability analysis for groyne erosion under random factors.

分析了防护丁坝冲刷的机理，用概率分析方法研究了在随机因素影响下防护丁坝抗冲刷的可靠性问题。应用Rosen-blatt变换确定防护丁坝抗冲刷破坏的功能函数在随机因素影响下的可靠性指标。

By the analysis of theory and measured data, the author studied the local scour process near the revetment works, proposed a mode of local scour process, and gave a modeling equation relating to local scour depth and discharge.

借助理论与实测资料分析，对裹头附近局部冲刷发展规律进行了研究，提出了裹头附近局部冲刷发展模式，推求了局部冲刷深度随流量变化的模拟方程。

When Sinlaku hit Taiwan during September 12-15, 2008, the extremely torrential rain made Hou-Fong Bridge, located in downstream of Shi-Gang Dam, broken at around 6:50 p.m. on September 14, 2008. In this study, the case was applied to investigate the factors which resulted in the typhoon flood scour disaster and the disaster prevention mechanism, including the general scour of upstream and downstream river banks, the riverhead erosion and constriction scour, the free fall of broad-crested weir effect caused by water-pipe protection engineering, the disaster prevention and response of the bridge care and management unit, and the examination, timing and procedure of bridge block.

中文摘要本研究系以97年9月12日至15日强烈台风辛乐克侵袭台湾期间，所降下的超大豪雨造成位在大甲溪石冈坝下游后丰大桥於9月14日下午6点50分左右发生断桥事件为例，探讨台洪冲刷灾害成因与防灾应变机制，包含上下游河道之一般冲刷、河道向源侵蚀与束缩冲刷及位於桥梁上游约20公尺处之自来水干管保护工所产生宽顶堰跌水效应等影响，并检讨桥梁养护管理单位於断桥发生前防灾应变处置方式及台洪期间之巡查检测、封桥时机与封桥作业流程等等相关因应作为。

The paper through the mechanism which produces to the asphalt road surface water harm carries on the induction to summarize, as well as the different type bituminous mixture water stability has carried on a series of contrasts experiment to several kind of different aggregates and the asphalt adherency, has analyzed the aggregate and the asphalt adherency and the bituminous mixture water stability; Meanwhile moves the water action mechanism take the pavement structure in as the key point, in the basis room experiments to the design half rigid base bituminous mixture test sample carries on washes out the experiment, the observation test sample and washes out when the number of times increase along with the time variation the basic unit wash load situation, has analyzed the water to the bituminous pavement various structures level damage rule; To immerses under the condition using the ANASYS finite element software the bituminous pavement structure level the stress to carry on the analysis computation, and analyzed the bituminous pavement according to the computed result to produce the unboiled water harm the rule, further to understand the structure level produced the unboiled water harm the rule.

本论文通过对沥青路面水损害产生的机理进行归纳总结，对几种不同集料和沥青的粘附性以及采用不同抗剥落措施的沥青混合料的水稳性进行了一系列对比试验，分析了集料与沥青的粘附性及沥青混合料的水稳定性，并对水稳性试验进行了评价；同时以路面结构中的动水作用机理为重点，依据室内试验对设计的半刚性基层沥青混合料组合试件进行冲刷试验，观察试件随时间变化和冲刷次数增加时基层的冲刷量情况，分析了水对沥青路面结构层的损坏规律；利用ANSYS有限元软件对浸水前后沥青路面层底应力进行分析计算，并根据计算结果分析了沥青路面产生水损害的规律，进一步了解结构层产生水损害的规律。

The paper analyze the influence factor in water level, ground-water, river current, ground structure, bank aspects, wave action and vegetation condition with qualitative method.

分析得出：区域(1)-a库岸再造的主要影响因素是河道纵向水流的冲刷作用；区域(1)库岸再造的影响因素是高水位时波浪的冲刷，水位降落时覆土层的剥离，以及水位变化造成基岩的风化、崩塌；区域(2)、区域(3)库岸再造的主要影响因素是暴雨和水位降落时岸坡的失稳滑塌，次要影响因素是高水位时波浪的冲刷，水位降落时覆土层的剥离，水位变化造成基岩的风化；区域：(4)库岸再造的影响因素是高水位时波浪的冲刷，水位降落时覆土层的剥离。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。