冰

The weak conductibility of ice, the changes of resistance and capacitance of air, ice and water varied with temperature are infroduced, the novel principle and model for all-weather automatic monitoring and measuring based on the physical characteristic difference of air, ice and water are discussed.

本文介绍了冰的弱导电性特点，基于空气、冰与水的电阻、电容值随温度变化的特点，提出利用空气、冰与水物理特性差异实现对冰、水情全天候自动化监测的基本原理与系统实现模型，展望了这一方法的应用前景及今后研究的方向。

The following key future research fields are needed to understand and predict Antarctic Ice Sheet mass balance: Observation and modeling of the surface elevation changes, determination of surface mass balance and its distribution over drainage basins as well as fluxes at the grounding lines and the bottom melting underneath ice shelves, understanding of the deglaciation history, development, comparison and improvement of all kinds of models related to modeling and prediction of ice sheet mass balance.

南极冰盖物质平衡未来的重点研究领域是开展冰盖表面高程变化的监测与模拟，确定表面物质平衡及其在各冰流盆地的分布，着地线的冰流通量，冰架底部的融化，了解冰后期冰盖退缩的动力过程，以及开发、对比和改进与冰盖物质平衡模拟和预测相关的各种模型。关键词：南极冰盖；物质平衡；进展与展望

Glacial sediment deposits called moraine material, accumulation of terrain that moraine topography, such as end moraines, lateral moraines, drumlin, etc.; outwash refers to the ice-melt water as the main camp force, after re-moving that occur after the deposition, the sediment that deposits of ice water, chilled water, both Moraine sediment characteristics, there are certain characteristics of alluvial material.

冰川沉积的堆积物称冰碛物，堆积地形称冰碛地形，如终碛堤、侧碛堤、鼓丘等；冰水沉积是指以冰融水为主要营力，经过再搬运后而发生的沉积，其沉积物称冰水沉积物，冰水沉积物既有冰碛物的特点，又有冲积物的某些特点。

The system is designed such that it can be operated by its own and has the advantage of fast ice making.

本海水液体冰制冰机器则是利用抽水马达抽水，经过冰筒冷却，将内部的水降温后使用冰刀将冰由冰筒下方往上推动，再将其刮出后再回到原来的容器，一直循环到完成结冰为止。

It was wholly in the lower ice, but close against the upper, and was flattish, or perhaps slightly lenticular, with a rounded edge, a quarter of an inch deep by four inches in diameter; and I was surprised to find that directly under the bubble the ice was melted with great regularity in the form of a saucer reversed, to the height of five eighths of an inch in the middle, leaving a thin partition there between the water and the bubble, hardly an eighth of an inch thick; and in many places the small bubbles in this partition had burst out downward,and probably there was no ice at all under the largest bubbles,which were a foot in diameter.

在气泡之下和周围已经结了一层新的冰，所以气泡是在两片冰的中间；它全部是在下层中间的，却又贴近上层，扁平的，也许有点像扁豆形，圆边，深四分之一英寸，直径四英寸；我惊奇地发现，就在气泡的下面，冰溶化得很有规则，像一只倒置的茶托，在中央八分之五英寸的高度，水和气泡之间有着一个薄薄的分界线，薄得还不到一英寸的八分之一，在许多地方，这分界线中的小气泡向下爆裂，也许在最大的直径一英尺的气泡底下完全是没有冰的。

In the process of moving from single-sustenance to double- sustenance, the angel of body tends to enlarge; in the process of moving from double-sustenance to single-sustenance, the angle of body tends to decrease; when the right leg is kicking on the ice, the center of gravity is just moved to the upper point of fulcrum, which means the center of gravity is vertical to fulcrum, while the left leg starts to kick on the ice when center of gravity completely surpass fulcrum; right knife touches the front ice of the supporting foot, the left knife touches the interior and front ice; small momentum variation coefficient and good effect of momentum move show the rationality of action and abundance of

单支撑阶段向双支撑阶段过渡过程中，躯干角度有增大趋势；右双支撑阶段向单支撑阶段过渡过程中，躯干角度有下降趋势；右腿蹬冰时重心刚好前移至支点的正上方，即重心与支点相垂直，而左腿则是在重心完全超越支点后一段时间才开始的蹬冰；右刀着冰向支撑脚前方下刀，左刀着冰向内侧前方跨出；动量变异系数小，动量转移效果好，反映了动作结构的合理性和能量利用的充分性；目前世界优秀运动员各环节的动量分配比例较以前均有较大幅度的提高；环节动量变异系数遵循着大环节动量变异系数小、小环节动量变异系数大的原则是较合理的。

The initial ice jam thickness is a basic parameter in research of ice jam char acter and has important influences on its thickening, developing or in equilibrium la ter on.

王军初始冰塞厚度是冰塞研究的基础，对冰塞的后期增厚及平衡冰塞的形成与发展均有重要的影响。

Ice discharge under ice jam or ice cover is the result from the combined effects of the thermal, hydraulic and boundary conditions.

冰塞或冰盖下输冰受热力、水力以及边界条件等影响，计算河道在稳封期的冰流量对计算冰塞厚度及冰期水位具有重要的意义。

Based on investigations and observations,ice jam dams of Heilongjiang River s upper reach over the years are disscused,forming causes of which are analyzed,and the way of medium and long term ice jam flood forecast is introduced.

根据冰坝调查成果和观测资料，论述了黑龙江上游历年冰坝发生情况，分析了冰坝形成的原因，介绍了黑龙江冰坝洪水中长期预报方法，可供生产实际参考应用。

Thereinto, nineteen cold/warm climatic fluctuations correspond with stadial/interstadial of GRIP, the five substages are rather consistent with the Guliya ice core in the climatic fluctuating features and phase as well as the North Atlantic climate reflected by the N. pachydema numbers of V23-81 core.

其中，19次冷/暖波动可与格陵兰GRIP冰心δ18O冰段/间冰段相对应，5个亚段与我国古里雅冰心在波动性质和相位上都极为一致，与V23-81冷性浮游有孔虫数代表的北大西洋地区气候也具有较好的可比性。

They go to town. Would you just ask them?

他们在城里你能问他们吗？

Ossein pretreated for a2 weeks period exhibited the maximum% yield incase of bone gelatin, while the yield from intact skin was higher than that realized incase of de-scaled skin.

预处理时间达2星期的骨胶原表现出最高的骨明胶百分产量，然而从未处理鱼皮中得到的产率比去鳞的鱼皮得到的要高。