冰

Dependent on the past research in seaice, in Bohai Sea, in 2003-2004 winter and 2004-2005 winter with level ice for the target we open the field experiments to study the essential spectrum characteristic of ice, removing by testing means various nonessential factor for sea water in the fixing big ice plate, building up 170 growth conditions to look like under the natural condition, the growth expect different sample series; in 2004-2005 winter and 2005-2006 winter continue two pass to break thorough Bohai Sea in the ship to collect 59 sea ice sample that have the non-essential ice factors in winter, open the influence research that the field hangs sand to contribute to the spectrum of the ice body; in 2005-2006 winter, fast ice to open the field spectrum curves to coast and analytical research.

总结前人的研究成果和开展一系列的室内实验，在渤海—北半球纬度最低的结冰海域，于2003/2004、2004/2005 连续两个冬季以单层平整冰为目标开展实验研究一年生海冰的冰体本质光谱特征，在固定冰盘上以实验手段摒除各种光谱干扰因素，在自然条件下建立170 个生长条件近似、生长期不同的样本系列；于 2004/2005、2005/2006 连续两个冬季通过破冰船深入渤海采集59 个具有非冰体本质因素的海冰样本，开展悬沙对冰体反射光谱的影响研究；于2005/2006 冬季，针对沿岸固定冰开展光谱测量和分析研究。

At present,we or foreign have not dine out the universal general deicing ice's method to possibly apply to transmission line under the kinds of climate and micro-relief, this article have used the regelation load analysis and computation about the transmission line, we thought that it is passable to prevent the regelation effectively, to reduces the line compound stress and the non-uniform regelation rate the different span, about the different elevation difference and the non-uniform regelation when the appropriate position of line have finded the installment of deicing-device, to create the disaster to the transmission lines and the iron towers, and can guarantee the electrical network safely and steadiely operation.

目前，国内外还没有可以普遍通用的除冰方法可以应用于各种气候和各种微地形的输电线路，本文通过对输电线路覆冰荷载的分析计算，认为在线路适当位置安装除冰装置能有效防止不同档距、不同高差和不均匀覆冰线路的覆冰，减少线路综合应力和不均匀覆冰率，对输电线路及其铁塔造成灾害，保证电网安全稳定运行。

The glacial heritages of this period interspersed most wildly, such as glacial valleys, cirques, horns, knife-edge crest, morainic boulder, end moraine bars, lateral moraine bars, morainic platforms, morainic hills, morainic lakes and glacial lakes, they are the most magnificent glacial landform heritages in the geopark.

该次冰期遗迹在区内分布最广，冰蚀槽谷、冰斗、角峰、刃脊、冰碛漂砾，终碛垅，侧碛垅，冰碛平台，冰碛丘陵，冰碛湖，冰川湖遍布，构成区内最壮观的冰川地貌遗迹。

The fabrics and crystals of one-year ice in the Bohai Sea show that the noncontiguous ice growth rate makes an ice sheet have level layers with different amount of air bubbles in lower part of the ice sheet; typical grain ice and columnar ice occur in the gray ice which grows in stable water; thaw-refrozen ice and rafted ice have their crystal characteristics.

作者中文名：李志军；康建成；蒲毅彬摘要：渤海一年冰的组构和晶体结构表现出的冰的非连续生长速率使得冰层底部具有气泡含量不同的许多分层；静水生长的灰冰具有典型的粒状冰和柱状冰；融化-重冻结冰和重叠冰具有特定的晶体结构。

Ice/ridge geometric parameters is established, and from computational analysis it is found that the unmonotonous variations of drag coefficient with ice concentration that frequently observed in sea ice field investigation mostly result from the influence of form drag from ice edge.

通过将原型条件下的冰-水总拖曳力考虑成表面摩拖曳力、冰侧形拖曳力和冰脊形拖曳力三部分，建立了冰-水总拖曳系数同海冰和冰脊几何形态参数之间的定量关系，并由计算分析发现现场观测到的拖曳系数随密集度的非单调变化就是冰侧形拖曳力分量作用的重要体现。

The new icebergs added to 330 sq kms of ice that broke up earlier this month with the shattering of an ice bridge apparently pinning the Wilkins in place between Charcot island and the Antarctic Peninsula.

本月稍早已有330平方公里的冰脱离了冰棚，近日这起崩裂又增加了破冰的面积。冰桥塌陷是造成冰棚再次破裂的原因。这座冰桥无疑能将威尔金斯冰棚固定在沙科岛和南极半岛之间。

The direct evaporative internal-melt ice storage air conditioning is a new and promising technology.It is important to master the ice coil heat transfer performance for the project.The paper analysed the dynamic characteristics and established the corresponding mathematical models of the system,and used the model to analyse the performance of caving cooling process changes.The model for direct evaporation in the U-shaped ice-melting ice storage VRV system couldbe helpful to design and optimization theory.

直接蒸发内融式冰盘管是空调蓄冷工程中常用的一种方式，对这种冰盘管的融冰传热性能的掌握对于工程应用非常重要，本文对基于VRV空调系统的内融式U形冰盘管融冰过程的动态特性进行了分析，建立了相应的数理模型，并利用该模型分析了放冷过程的性能变化，该模型可为直接蒸发内融式U形冰蓄冷VRV融冰系统的设计及优化提供理论依据。

According to the aforementioned features and basing a new the oretical framework of measurement on ice-thickness and beneath-ice-surface water levels by distinguishing the physical characteristics of air, ice and water, the paper analyzes the laws of the resistance and capacitance of ice with conductive impurity, mixture of ice and water, water and air change as temperature changes, draws conclusions such as ice as a weak conductor, monotonic feature of ice and water, and introduces the design of the structure of a new-type of ice-thickness sensor, its measurement method, and its application in practice.

基于这一特点，笔者提出了利用空气、冰与水的物理特性差异实现对冰层厚度及冰下水位接触式检测的新思路，对含有导电杂质的冰、冰－水混合物、水、空气的电阻、电容特性随温度的变化规律进行了初步分析，并得到冰的弱导电性质和冰与水的电容区间单调特性，据此提出了冰层厚度传感器结构及其冰厚检测原理，介绍了新型冰层厚度传感器在实践中的应用。

Based on the previous research about the ice-harvester tank, the paper further investigates the properties of tank at ice-filling and ice-melting, notifying the relation between the two rest angles, bringing out the method to optimize the tank"s dimensions, resolving the ice-filling problem according to the connection between the icepack and the tank"s underside, analyzing the ice-melting problem with discharge capacity.

本文在国内外有关片冰机蓄冰槽研究成果的基础上，对蓄冰槽在蓄冰和融冰时的特性做了进一步的研究，揭示了两个安息角的关系，提出了优化蓄冰槽尺寸的方法，根据冰床与蓄冰槽底面接触的情形求解蓄冰问题，用融冰能力分析融冰问题。

Ke Meng-transparent glaciers larger picture of ice-rich, strange changes, the towering steep rugged Xuefeng, criss-crossing the valley twists and turns around the ice, ice caveshen huan wonderful, high-risebing bi steep Galaxybing pu like hanging upside down, ice Valley , ice mushrooms, cirque, ice falls, ice cracks, such as the unique topography of glaciers can be seen here.

透明梦柯冰川规模较大，冰面景象丰富、变幻奇特，突兀的雪峰险峻嶙峋、纵横交错的冰谷曲折迂回、冰洞神幻奇妙、冰壁高耸陡峭、冰瀑好似银河倒挂，冰谷、冰蘑菇、冰斗、冰瀑布、冰裂缝等特有冰川地貌在这里随处可见。

So that more consumers can enjoy more delicious quality, technology is even better than wine.

让更多的消费者可以品尝到品质更为鲜美，工艺更为精湛的葡萄酒。

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