再热

The results show that the flow stress decreases with increasing deforming temperature and increases with increasing strain rate. The flow stress of the alloy during hot compression deformation can be described by constitutive equation in hyperbolic sine function with a hot deformation activation energy of 196.27 kJ/mol. Partial recystallization takes place in the alloys deformed at a high temperature or at a low strain rate, and large number of dislocations and subgrains are observed in the alloy. The elongated grains observed in the samples coarsen with increasing temperature and decreasing strain rate. Correspondingly, the subgrain size increases and the dislocation density decreases. The main soften mechanism of the alloy transforms from dynamic recovery to dynamic recrystallization.

结果表明：Al-Cu-Mg-Ag耐热铝合金在热压缩变形中的流变应力随着温度的升高而减小，随着应变速率的增大而增大；该合金的热压缩变形流变应力行为可用双曲正弦形式的本构方程来描述，其变形激活能为196.27kJ/mol；在变形温度较高或应变速率较低的合金中发生部分再结晶，并且在合金组织中存在大量的位错和亚晶；随着温度的升高和应变速率的降低，合金中拉长的晶粒发生粗化，亚晶尺寸增大，位错密度减小，合金的主要软化机制逐步由动态回复转变为动态再结晶。

Using the surface observation data and NCEP reanalysis data, spring thermal depressions in the southwest of China are classified into a local type and north-intruding type. Then the position and strength indexes are defined, the space-time distribution and numeral characteristic are analyze and their formation rules and mechanisms are studied for improving the accuracy of weather forecast. The results indicate that the thermal depressions are mostly regional and stationary.

利用地面常规观测资料和NCEP再分析资料，把我国西南地区春季出现的热低压分为本地生成型热低压和北方移入型热低压两种类型，定义了热低压的位置指数和强度指数，并以此讨论两种类型热低压的时空分布特征，对西南热低压进行定量描述以及研究其形成规律和机理，以提高天气预报的准确率。

Based on the settings and geological and geochemical characteristics of granitoids of different orogenic belts (exemplified by orogenic granitoids in Altay, East Kunlun, Yanshan in North China, Northeast China and Nanling in South China), the relationships between granitoids and continental crustal growth are discussed, and five modes of continental crustal growth in the continent of China are proposed;they are as follows:(1)the Altay mode of continental growth is that the material and heat of the Paleozoic convertive mantle formed on the background of the Paleo-Asian Ocean were input into the Paleozoic continent and mixed with the materials of the upper crust;(2) the East Kunlun mode is that the basement of the Proterozoic orogenic belt was reworked by the heat input and materials of the Paleozoic-early Mesozoic convective mantle formed on the background of TTG continental crust of the Proterozoic orogenic belt;(3) the Northeast China style is that the Phanerozoic continental crust was reworked by the heat input and materials from the convective mantle formed on the background of the Yanshanian Central Asian orogenic belt;(4) the Yanshan mode is that the Archean basement was reworked by the heat input and materials from the Yanshanian convective mantle;and (5) the Nanling mode is that in South China what was input by the Yanshanian convective mantle into the continent was mainly heat and subordinately materials and the crustal material recycle was the dominant mode for the continental growth (showing zero continental growth).

根据不同造山带花岗岩的形成背景，地质地球化学特征差异，以阿尔泰，东昆仑，华北燕山，东北和南岭造山带花岗岩为例讨论花岗岩与大陆地壳生长的关系，区分出中国大陆的5种大陆地壳生长方式：阿尔泰式是古亚洲洋背景上形成的古生代对流地幔物质，热输入和上地壳混合为主的方式；东昆仑式是元古代造山带TTG陆壳背景基础上古生代—早中生代对流地幔物质和热输入，改造元古宙造山带基底的方式；东北式是燕山期中亚造山带背景上对流地幔物质和热输入改造显生宙陆壳的生长方式；燕山式是燕山期对流地幔物质和热输入改造太古宙基底的方式；南岭式燕山期对流地幔输入大陆的是以热为主，物质为辅，大陆地壳生长是以陆壳物质再循环为主的生长方式。

Specially,at lower power density of laser,quasi static model is used to simulate the radial heat dissipation from irradiated region to nonirradiated regions.

在数值计算中，应用部分线性法处理非线性非齐次热传导方程，得到相应的隐格式差分方程，再用追赶法求解隐格式差分方程，得出绝热边界条件下的温度的时间和空间分布，从而得出激光退火的再结晶厚度。

The effects of various correction elements and regulation parameters on the reheat steam turbine and their regularity have been discussed in detail according to a dynamic analogy test of the power-frequency electro-hydraulic control equipment for reheat steam turbines.

在中间再过热汽轮机功—频电液调节装置动态模拟试验的基础上，本文着重探讨电液调节装置的各校正元件、各调节参数对中间再过热汽轮机的影响及其规律性，并提出主要调节参数的合理范围。

Water inside vacuum heat- collection tubes; since the hot medium inside vacuum tubes floats up and cold one goes down due to respective specific gravity, hot and cold mediums convections up and down to cause the heat conduction, furthermore transfer the heat to the related working medium in the heat tubes, the working medium sorbs the potential heat and becomes steam to rise up to the condensing section from the tube heat evaporating section; it emits the heat in condensing section to change again into liquid working medium; it flows back to evaporating section under the gravity action, the emitted heat is transferred into the water inside water tank or tube group by means of the heat-conduction through heat tubes condensing section; it makes the cold water in water tank into hot water in the repeated way.

阳光透过全玻璃真空集热管的外玻璃，照射到涂覆在内玻璃管外表面的选择性吸收涂层上，涂层将太阳的辐射能吸收并转化为热能，通过内玻璃管壁导热，传递给真空集热管内其液态传热介质，由于真空集热管内热的介质因比重小而上浮，冷的介质因比重大而下沉，冷热介质上下对流传热和导热，再通过热管的金属壁导热，将热量传递给热管内其相变工质，工质吸收汽化潜热而变成蒸汽，由热管蒸发段上升到冷凝段，在冷凝段放热冷凝，又变成液态工质，在重力作用下流回蒸发段，所放出的热量通过热管冷凝段金属管壁导热，传递给水箱或联集管内的冷水，周而复始，于是便将水箱内的冷水全部加热成热水。

Firstly, micro-thermal calorimeters were used to qualitatively analyze the thermochemistry behaviour of reactants system under adiabatic mode; Subsequently a series of toluene nitration experiments were carried out in an isothermal reaction calorimeter to study the influences of different operating conditions such as stirring speed feeding rate and setting temperature and so on . The thermal hazard assessment of toluene nitration was derived from the measured calorimetric data, the rate of the reaction the adiabatic temperature increase △T_ad and maximal temperature attainable MTSR_max in a runaway situation can also been derived.

首先采用微量热分析仪对反应体系在绝热状态下的热行为进行分析；再采用等温条件下的反应量热器实验研究不同的工艺条件如搅拌速度、加料速度和设定温度等参数对反应结果的影响；结合热分析数据和RCle数据，对甲苯的一段硝化过程进行了初步的热危险分析，推导出反应速率方程、反应失控条件下的绝热温升△T_和反应所能达到的最大温度MTSR等参数。

On the basis of the concept of perfect quantum gas, a physical model of extreme relativity is established for perfect quantum gas, and also according to the conclusions of the state density of the extreme theory of relativity, the densities of quantum statistics′ particle numbers and energy, the extreme relativity′s result of the enthalpy、internal energy and heat capacity of the perfect quantum gas is obtained under the high temperature by strict theory inference.

在理想量子气体概念的基础上，首先建立极端相对论理想量子气体的物理模型；再根据极端相对论的态密度和量子统计的粒子数、能量的密度结论，通过严格的理论推导，得出理想量子气体在高温条件下的极端相对论性的焓、内能和热容量的结果，并将其热容量与高温条件下的理想量子气体、经典理想气体的热容量对比，指出极端相对论与非相对论两种模型、理想量子气体与经典理想气体两种模型的热容量之间的差异，同时分析这些差异的物理原因在于各自气体模型的态密度以及对应体系的波函数的对称性；最后阐明高温条件下极端相对论理想量子气体的热容量在量子统计方面的先进性及应用前景。

Finally it clarifies the advance in quantum statistics and the practical prospect of heat capacity of the extreme relativity's perfect quantum gas under high tamperature.

摘 要：在理想量子气体概念的基础上，首先建立极端相对论理想量子气体的物理模型；再根据极端相对论的态密度和量子统计的粒子数、能量的密度结论，通过严格的理论推导，得出理想量子气体在高温条件下的极端相对论性的焓、内能和热容量的结果，并将其热容量与高温条件下的理想量子气体、经典理想气体的热容量对比，指出极端相对论与非相对论两种模型、理想量子气体与经典理想气体两种模型的热容量之间的差异，同时分析这些差异的物理原因在于各自气体模型的态密度以及对应体系的波函数的对称性；最后阐明高温条件下极端相对论理想量子气体的热容量在量子统计方面的先进性及应用前景。

The results show that the plasticity zone and dynamically quiescent layer become fine equiaxed recrystallisation under the thermo-mechanical effect, the grains in the heat-affected zone grow up because of the effect of friction heat. When the rotation speed is 2 500 r/min and the welding time is 12 s, good joint is achieved, and the tensile shear strength of the joint reaches 9.24 kN. The tensile shear strength of spot increases with increasing tool rotation speed, with increasing welding time, the strength increases first, while then reduces. The microhardness of plasticity zone is high, but is slightly lower than that of the base metal, the minimum value of microhardness is in the heat affected zone. When the energy input of joint is high, the fracture type of spot is mode Ⅰ, and the tensile shear strength is high; on the contrary, when the energy input of joint is less the fracture type of spot is mode Ⅱ, and the strength is low.

结果表明：塑性区和动态静止层的晶粒在热和力作用下发生动态再结晶形成细小的等轴晶，热影响区的晶粒在摩擦热作用下长大变粗；搅拌头旋转速度为2 500 r/min，焊接时间为12 s时，可以获得力学性能较好的焊点，焊点的剪切强度达到9.24 kN；焊点的剪切强度随搅拌头旋转速度的增大而增大，随焊接时间的延长先增大后减小；塑性区的显微硬度较高，但略小于母材，接头显微硬度的最小值分布在热影响区；焊点热输入量较多时，接头为Ⅰ型断裂，焊点的剪切强度较高；焊点热输入量较少时，接头为Ⅱ型断裂，焊点的强度较低。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。