再热

In view of the consecutive bursting problems of reheater tubes in Xinxiang Thermal Power Plant,the diagnosis tests at cold and hot state of reheater were carried out, thus the causes for reheater bursting were found out, and it was put forward that to employ arc tangent tertiary air to reduce flue gas temperature derivation, to replace part reheater tubes with TP 347 stainless steel tubes with better heat-resisting property etc.

针对新乡火电厂再热器连续爆管问题，进行再热器冷态和热态诊断试验，查明了造成再热器爆管的原因，提出用三次风反切减少烟温偏差，并将部分再热器管子更换为耐热性能更好的 TP347 不锈钢管等技术措施。

The work had been carried out can be summarized as follows: 1. Thermal cycle analysisBased on the classical thermodynamics, influence of isobaric reheat and isovolumetric reheat on cycle output is discussed. Based on the finite time thermodynamic theory, the thesis discusses the optimization of Rankine cycle, Brayton cycle and Stirling cycle between constant temperature heat source and constant temperature heat sink or between variable temperature heat source and constant temperature.

第一、循环优化分析：采用经典热力学研究了等压再热与等容再热对循环功的影响；采用有限时间热力学深入研究了恒温热源一恒温冷源和变温热源一恒温冷源液氮发动机朗肯循环、布雷顿循环和斯特林循环的优化和对比；着重研究了工质导热率与热机换热器总导热率之比对循环性能的影响、高温侧换热器导热率与低温侧换热器导热率之比对循环功率的影响等内容；得到了一些对循环和系统设计具有现实指导意义的结论。

ABSTRACT The design performance of the superheater and reheater systems is one of the key factors affecting the steam temperature of the large capacity boilers and the reliability and economy of the large capacity units.

大容量电站锅炉过热器与再热器系统的设计性能是决定大容量电站锅炉的汽温状况及大容量机组可靠性与经济性的关键之一，过热器与再热器系统设计方法。。。

On the basis of same main components, comparison and analysis are performed on thermodynamic performance of HAT cycle, STIG (Steam-Injected Gas Turbine) cycle, gas-steam combined cycle and the relevant cycles with intercooling or reheat.

在主要部件相同的基础上，分析比较了HAT循环、注蒸汽燃气轮机循环、燃气—蒸汽联合循环以及各循环采用中冷或再热手段后相应循环的热力性能，确定了再热HAT循环高效率和中冷再热STIG循环高比功的优势，指出中冷手段对循环性能改善不大，回收中冷热量也不会收到好的效果，而再热手段对循环性能改善显著。

A supercritical heat-supply unit with a double reheat employs steam extraction from a low-pressure turbine cylinder for supplying process heat.

针对二次再热超临界供热机组采用低压缸分缸抽汽供热的特点，利用等效热降理论，进行分析与数学推导，得出了该类型机组抽汽等效热降和抽汽效率的计算方法，形成该类型机组的经济性定量分析数学模型，从而将等效热降理论的应用范围拓展到二次再热供热机组。

Based on it, the computation method of steam temperature deviation of superheaters and reheaters and the inversion method of their wall metallic temperature in furnace are deduced, and applied in several boilers.

本文通过对过热器和再热器烟气侧对流与辐射复合换热过程的分析，建立了过热器和再热器各受热管段烟气侧局部传热的物理数学模型，导出了适用于大型电站锅炉过热器和再热器的出口汽温计算及炉内管壁金属温度的反演方法。

In this dissertation, at first, the history and present situation of the research related to overheating is reviewed, and then the research works are carried out in following aspects the calculation of radiative properties of coal combustion, the solution of radiative transfer equation in absorbing-scattering media, the analyses of combined heat transfer processes in flue side, the computation method of steam temperature deviation of superheaters and reheaters and the inversion method of their wall metallic temperature in furnace, the numerical simulation of gas-solid two-phase flow, combustion and heat transfer in furnace, the measurement of outlet steam temperature of superheaters and reheaters, engineering reformation of overheating and optimum design of superheaters and reheaters, etc.

本文在综述了与过热器和再热器超温问题有关的研究历史与现状的基础上，在煤粉燃烧产物辐射特性的计算、含散射问题的辐射传递方程的求解、过热器和再热器烟气侧对流与辐射复合换热及汽温偏差的计算和炉内金属壁温的反演、炉内气固两相流动、燃烧、传热过程的数值模拟、过热器再热器炉外出口汽温的测量、过热器再热器超温问题的工程改造及设备的优化设计等方面进行了研究。

Author made a survey of the failures of boiler superheater s and reheaters in power plant units of the Ministry of Electrical Power. Statistics made last three years shows that 40-50% of the total pressure part failures were due to superheater -reheater leakage and tube failures.

作者对水电部所属电站中锅炉的过热器和再热器事故进行了全面调查，据近三年来的统计，过热器和再热器的泄漏、爆破次数占锅炉受压部件故障的40～50%。

It 's mainly used in steel tubes of high 's mainly used in steel tubes of high temperature superheaters with surface temperature temperature superheaters with surface temperature ≤625℃ and high ≤625℃ and high temperature reheaters with surface temperature temperature reheaters with surface temperature ≤650℃, and high ≤650℃, and high temperature headers and steam pipes with surface temperature temperature headers and steam pipes with surface temperature ≤600℃.

主要主要用于壁温≤625℃的高温过热器、壁温≤650℃的高温再热器钢管，以及壁温≤600℃的高温集箱温≤625℃的高温过热器、壁温≤650℃的高温再热器钢管，以及壁温≤600℃的高温集箱和蒸汽管道，国内外已逐步用该钢代替和蒸汽管道，国内外已逐步用该钢代替T22、F12、TP304L、TP347H等，但该钢焊接性能T22、F12、TP304L、TP347H等，但该钢焊接性能也比较差，容易产生焊接冷裂纹，所以同样要求有合适的预热温度和及时进行焊后回火处也比较差，容易产生焊接冷裂纹，所以同样要求有合适的预热温度和及时进行焊后回火处理。

Intermediate heat cycle can be reduced because the tail blade turbine steam humidity and reduce steam consumption. improve plant efficiency and thermal cycling in the unit were popular, however, Reheat temperature control system with nonlinear their targets, inertia, the characteristics of delay, Power Plant to become more difficult to control the system-paper fuzzy control theory and fuzzy logic, reconsidered conventional PID control law on the basis of the study and intelligent fuzzy PID control, the 300MW units Reheat fuzzy control process using adaptive PID control, the introduction of load feedforward. design configuration, the final design complex adaptive feedforward cascade control system and MATLAB for simulation, simulation results show that the response speed, Robust control and accuracy, the system has considerable advantages Unit to improve the efficiency and reduce the operational workload.

中间再热循环技术因其可以降低汽轮机尾部叶片的蒸汽湿度和降低汽耗，提高电厂的热循环效率而在单元机组中被普遍采用，然而，再热气温控制系统因其对象具有非线性，大惯性，大迟延等特点，成为火电厂较难控制的系统之－，本文运用模糊控制理论和模糊逻辑推理，在重新认识常规PID控制规律的基础上探讨了PID与智能模糊控制相结合，在电厂300MW发电机组再热模糊控制过程中使用自适应PID控制，引入负荷前馈，设计组态，最终设计出自适应复合型前馈串级控制系统，并在MATLAB中进行仿真模拟，仿真结果表明，在响应速度，鲁棒性和控制精度等方面，此系统都具有相当大的优越性，有利于提高机组的效率和减轻运行人员的劳动负荷。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。