再分配

This paper explores the meaning of seigniorage from the perspective of the Central Bank and the government under different monetary regimes.

本文讨论了不同货币了体系下铸币税对政府和中央银行的含义，同时也讨论了铸币税对收入再分配和政府宏观经济政策的意义。

In the economic aspect, the early state preserved rural commune, the tribute and corvee system, and the reassignment economy. In the political aspect, the early state preserved the fathership government, the hereditary rules, and the indirect domination. Feudalism and Slavishness were two prospects for early states.

本文还从马克思的亚细亚理论出发，从相关的历史材料中归纳出早期国家以下几个方面的特征：1在经济上，早期国家具有农村公社、贡赋与劳役制度、再分配经济等特征；2在政治上，早期国家具有父权制统治形式、世袭制政治制度、间接统治方式等特征；3早期国家的转型有两个基本的方向——封建制国家和奴隶制国家。

In the other, America will move toward European-style statism grounded in expanding bureaucracies, a managed economy and large-scale income redistribution.

而另一则是，美国将走向欧洲风格的中央集权，基本模式是膨胀的官僚机构，有管理的经济和大规模的收入再分配。

Small labor supply elasticity is supposed to put much tax burden on labor while to increase the pressure on employment, and pay roll tax is supposed to engender a better income redistribution effect as labor market is much homogenous.

当劳动供给弹性较小时，税收主要由劳动力负担，而且可能会增加就业压力；工薪税在劳动同质程度较高时可以取得较好的再分配效应。

The theoretical basis about raising the pooling level of pension insurance The law of large numbers theory, theory of social equity and income redistribution theory provide a theoretical foundation for raising the pooling level of basic pension insurance.

提高养老保险统筹层次的理论依据大数法则理论、社会公平理论和收入再分配理论为基本养老保险统筹层次的提高提供了理论基础。

It has the factory geometry but with redistributed weight and lots of steering tiller.

它的工厂几何与再分配，但体重和大量的指导分蘖。

To deal with various risks in the production of space,local governments have to cease the monopolization in land requisition and expropriation,and establish the balance of interests between correlative groups and national institutions in the circulation of lands.To deal with risks in the games of new society,local governments must adjust the systems and policies concerned,and avoid just scratching the surface of a problem.To deal with risks in reallocation of social resources and social administration concerned with policy output,many local governments already have material condition to effectively break them,and the key is to improve their administerial skills in policy making and implementation.To deal with risks in vicious competition between city governments in urbanization,which are actually the manifest of malfunction of market mechanism,local governments must put the centralization mechanism into full play,and strengthen the social check and balance mechanism,in order to effectively regulate market mechanism and realize the organic interactions between social units,democracy,and market.

要破解地方政府在空间生产中风险重重的局面，必须改变政府在土地征用征收上的独裁专断格局，完善土地流转中各个相关利益群体间的权利均衡以及国家机构间的权力均衡机制；地方政府在新型社会博弈中的风险，也需要相关制度与政策的调整，不能停留在治标不治本的层次；在社会资源再分配与社会管制等政策输出方面的风险，许多地方政府已经具备了有效化解的物质条件，主观上提高政策制定与执行的行政技能是解决此类问题的关键；我国城市政府在发展地方经济推进地方城镇化中的恶性竞争风险，本质上是市场机制失灵的一种表现，必须通过充分运用集权机制、强化社会制约机制从而有效规制市场机制，实现科层、民主、市场三种机制的良性对接，政府、社会、企业三种力量的有机互动，才能解决。

Because of diminishingmarginal utility, income redistribution from the rich to the poor is akey part of the utilitarian's plan.

根据边际效用递减的规律，从富人到穷人的收入再分配，是功利主义计划中的关键部分。

Expert " most Lei Ren's word is on the network from mouth to mouth, for example Zhang Wei of dean of courtyard of a Confucian school of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming Dynasties of canal of Beijing University brilliance greets " damage of Chinese reform increase is the biggest is a cadre ", Beijing day criterion of Zhang Shuguang of economic institute director " reform should use corruption and bribery, so that reduce the barrier of power move and repartition " wait, often cause a netizen group rise and attack,"Bricky home " spread fast waiting for a word, but " cerebral damage one word is rarely seen.

专家&最雷人的话在网络上广泛流传，例如北京大学光华管理学院院长张维迎的&中国改革利益受损最大的是干部&、北京天则经济研究所理事长张曙光的&改革要利用腐败和贿赂，以便减少权力转移和再分配的障碍&等，往往引起网民群起而攻，&砖家&等词不胫而走，但&脑残一词鲜见。

This included bringing 133 Tibetans to the United States for training in political, propaganda and paramilitary techniques; continuing the support subsidy to the Dalai Lama's entourage at Dharmsala, India; continuing support to the Nepal based Tibetan guerrillas; the reassignment of a part of the unarmed guerrillas to India for further training; and the [6 lines of source text not declassified].

这包括带来133 西藏人到美国为训练在政治，宣传和准军事性的技术；继续支持补贴对Dalai Lama's 随员在Dharmsala，印度；继续的支持到尼泊尔根据了西藏游击队员；赤手空拳的游击队员的部份的再分配行为向印度为进一步训练；并且[ 源文本6 条线没被撤销机密] 。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。