冈冈

Based on the petrological and geochronological study of metamorphic complexes from the Grove Mountains, the following conclusions are reached.(1)Exsolution texture is widely found in clinopyroxene in mafic granulites. A peak metamorphic temperature of 850 C was obtained from the reintegrated compositions of exsolved clinopyroxene. The preservation of augite megacrysts suggests a single episode of high-grade metamorphism for the Grove Mountains.(2)The compositional comparison of garnet from pegmatites with that from country rocks demonstrates that garnet in pegmatites is of xenocryst origin, and late amphibolite facies metamorphism does not occur in this area.(3)The Pan-African charnockite and post-tectonic sheet-like granite were first recognized in East Antarctica. Their occurrences suggest a collisional orogeny during the Pan-African time.(4)The SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating on various rock types indicates that the major metamorphism in the Grove Mountains occurs at c. 550 Ma, and the tectonothermal evolution terminated at c. 500 Ma. The Grenvillian granulite facies metamorphism did not develop in the studied area.(5)The Prydz belt, the second Pan-African suture within the Gondwana suppercontinent, was further comfirmed based on this study. The Gondwana suppercontinent was not formed by the simply juxtaposition of East and West Gondwana, but by the collision of several blocks during the Pan-African time.

本项目通过格罗夫山地区高级变质杂岩的变质岩石学和同位素年代学研究，获得如下重要认识：（1）发现辉石出溶结构，由此获得峰期变质温度为850 C，并根据火成普通辉石的识别确定该区只存在单相麻粒岩相变质；（2）通过伟晶岩中石榴石斑晶与围岩中石榴石的对比研究提出了石榴石的捕虏晶成因，进而确定该区不存在晚期角闪岩相变质作用；（3）在东南极首次识别出泛非期紫苏花岗岩和后构造层状花岗岩，为泛非构造热事件的碰撞造山成因提供了重要佐证；（4）对不同岩石类型的锆石SHRIMP定年精确地限定了格罗夫山地区主期变质作用发生于泛非期，～550 Ma，热事件结束于～500 Ma，年代学数据没有揭示在该区存在格林威尔期麻粒岩相变质作用的迹象；（5）进一步确认了东南极内部普里兹带的存在，它属于冈瓦纳超大陆内部的第二条泛非期缝合带，据此认为冈瓦纳超大陆并不是由东、西冈瓦纳陆块的简单拼合而成，而是多个不同块体拼合的结果。

Himalaya, which formed on the basement of the Pan-African orogenic event at about 550 Ma BP and experienced Ordovician to Devonian platform sedimentation, was transformed into to a back-arc extensional-rifted zone at the end of the Carboniferous. The Yarlung Zangbo ophiolitic mélange zone is a Mesozoic back-arc spreading basin corresponding to the Gangdise paleo-island arc zone on the south side of the Tethyan Ocean. The Gangdise zone experienced island-arc orogeny in the Late Paleozoic. The very significant differences in geology on both sides of the Bangong Co-Nujiang suture zone suggest that the suture zone is not only the northern boundary of Gondwanaland and the boundary between the Indian (Yunnan-Tibet) stratigraphic realm and the South China (Qiangtang-Sanjiang) stratigraphic realm, but also the relics of subductional collision and final extinction of the Phanerozoic Tethyan Ocean after the breakup of the Neoproterozoic supercontinent Rodinia. The basic point of study of the collisional orogenic processes of the plateau is the structure and composition of the archipelagic arc-basin tectonic realm of three different stages bounded by three rigid paleocontinental blocks (Gondwanaland, Laurasia and Pan-Cathaysian) and the mutual constraining, transformation and coupling of various material movement forms.

喜马拉雅奠基于5.5亿年左右的泛非造山事件基底上，历经奥陶纪至泥盆纪台地沉积，并于石炭纪末转化为印度板块北缘的弧后伸展裂陷带；雅鲁藏布江蛇绿混杂岩带曾是特提斯大洋南侧与冈底斯古岛弧带相对应的中生代弧后扩张盆地；冈底斯带曾经历了晚古生代岛弧造山作用；班公湖-怒江带两侧大量地质特征重大差异表明，班公湖-怒江带是冈瓦纳大陆北界，是印度地层区和华南地层区的分界，是新元古代Rodinia超大陆解体后显生宙特提斯大洋俯冲，消减，碰撞，最后消亡的遗迹。

Cast ::, Issei Miyazaki as Gen Nakaoka , Masaki Kda as Shinji Nakaoka / Ryuta Kondo , Seiko Nakano as Eiko Nakaoka , Takao Inoue as Daikichi Nakaoka ..

演员：：，因为根中冈崎一成，幸田正树的中冈慎二/近藤隆太，作为中野荣子中冈精工，井上孝夫为大吉中冈

Under the same light intensity, the Pn and Ci of Liquidambar formosana had increased with the elevating CO2 concentrations.

其中，当CO：浓度倍增时，青冈栋的水分利用效率明显高于甜储，青冈栋和甜储两个树种的光补偿点和光饱和点都有明显的上升，其中青冈栋的光补偿点和光饱和点分别上升了17%、25%。

By study of the medium-acid plutonic rock and its maric microgranular enclaves of the middle Gangdis〓 belt, this dissertation will discuss the characteristics of the Gangdis〓 medium-acid plutonie magmatism and the crust/mantle dynamics during uplifting of Tibetan Plateau from the sight of material and energy, and use'lithoprobe'to connect crust and mantle interaction and other geologic events.

中、新生代青藏高原岩浆活动强烈，沿雅鲁藏布江缝合带形成了著名的冈底斯构造—岩浆带，本篇博士论文以冈底斯带中酸性侵入岩及其中铁镁质微粒包体为研究重点，探讨冈底斯带中酸性侵入岩浆活动特征，从物质和能量的角度论述了高原隆升过程中的壳/幔动力学过程，利用"岩石探针"将壳/幔之间的相互作用和地质事件有机地结合起来。

Because of the influence of Yangtze River and the sea, there formed a sand belt which was called " shore-body " in the line of TaiCang, WaiGang, MaQiao, HuQiao. And the west land was secured by it, so the " shore-body " had played a very important role for the ancestors of Shanghai settling down here.

由于长江和海浪的作用，在今太仓，外冈，马桥，胡桥一线，形成一条沙带，称为"冈身"，供卫了西部的陆地，因此，这条"冈身"对于后来上海先民定居于此地，发挥了重要的作用。

The forest communities with this species can be divided into six groups, which are Cyclobalanopsis stewardiana-Sinarundinaria nitida community, Cyclobalanopsis stewardiana + Quercus engleriana + Carpinus viminea-Sinarundinaria nitida community, Cyclobalanopsis stewardiana-Euryia brevistyla community, Rhododendron ririei + Cyclobalanopsis multinervis-Illicium simonsii community, Fagus lucida + Cyclobalanopsis multinervis + Cyclobalanopsis stewardiana-Sinarundinaria nitida community and Cyclobalanopsis stewardiana-Camellia cuspidata-Illicium simonsii community respectively.

通过使用双向指示种分析和无偏对应分析两种方法进行研究的结果表明，梵净山树干附生尖叶拟船叶藓在群落水平上的分布与森林群落类型相对应，其所在群落可以分成贵州青冈－箭竹群落、贵州青冈＋巴东栎＋雷公鹅耳枷－箭竹群落、贵州青冈－短柱柃群落、大钟杜鹃＋多脉青冈－野八角群落、亮叶水青冈＋多脉青冈＋贵州青冈－箭竹群落和贵州青冈－尖叶山茶－野八角群落6类树附生苔藓植物群落类型。

Results: The suprascapular nerve not only has its starting point and entering-muscle points, but also has two limit-points, it has turn-angle about 50° at spinoglenoid notch, supraspinatus muscle branch 44, infra-spinatus muscle branch 44, upper articular branch 42, lower articular branch 53, and sensory branch 37. The branches innervate supraspinatus muscle、infraspinatus muscle and the shoulder joint.

结果：肩胛上神经行程迂曲，有起点、入肌点两个固定点，另有肩胛上孔、肩胛下孔两个约束点，在冈盂切迹处形成大约50°左右的转折角，发出冈上肌支44支、冈下肌支44支、上关节支42支、下关节支53支、感觉支37支，分布于冈上肌、冈下肌和肩关节等处。

Based upon the ecoanatomical method, leaf anatomical characters of eleven populations of six evergreen species (Cyclobalanopsis glauca, C. myrsinaefolia, C. gracilis, Castanopsis sclerophylla, C. eyrei and Lithocarpus glaber) from the eastern subtropical area of China were analyzed and compared with SPSS, DCA and TWINSPAN. The results are: 1. Although the leaf structures of the eleven populations still belong to the mesophyll type, they all express the trend of xerophilization. 2. There are some differences in leaf anatomical characters among populations, species and genera, which occur as the results of their adaptation to different habitats. 3. Different leaf anatomical characters have different variations among populations, species and genera, of which leaf thickness and palisade tissue thickness (considered as ecological adaptation characters) have greater variation than sponge tissue thickness, lower cuticle thickness and lower epidermis thickness (as systematical evolution characters). 4. The leaves of C. sclerophylla and C. glauca with thicker lamina, palisade tissue and cuticle (a multilayered upper epidermis in C. sclerophylla) are thought to better adapt to their dry habitat. The leaves of C. eyrei with thicker sponge tissue, although characterized by a multlayered upper epidermis, adapt to their humid and warm habitat. The leaves of C. myrsinaefolia and C. gracilis characterized by a thinner lamina, a less palisade tissue and a moderate cuticle thickness adapt to the humid and cool habitat in a middle mountain.

选取亚热带东部替代分布明显的壳斗科6种常绿树种（青冈、小叶青冈、细叶青冈、苦槠、甜槠和石栎）的11个种群叶片进行生态解剖，并用SPSS， DCA和TWINSPAN比较分析，结果表明：①尽管6种11个种群叶的结构仍属中生叶型，但有着不同程度的趋旱适应；②叶的解剖性状在属间、种间和种群间均存在着不同程度的差异，这是它们适应各自生境的结果，青冈和石栎的种内差异较大，反映出它们对环境变化有较强响应能力；③叶片的不同解剖性状在属、种类和种群间的变化并不同步，其中叶片和栅栏组织厚度等性状差异突出，反映它们更易受环境的饰变，是生态适应性状，而海绵组织、下角质膜，特别是下表皮厚度等性状差异较小，显示出这些性状的稳定性，可以认为是系统演化性状；④苦槠、青冈具有较厚的叶片、栅栏组织、角质膜和发达输导和机械组织，苦槠还具有复表皮，表现出对旱化生境的适应；甜槠尽管具有复表皮和较厚的叶片，但这是海绵组织增厚的结果，是对中生生境的适应；小叶青冈和细叶青冈具有较薄的叶片和栅栏组织、角质膜厚度居中等特点，可能是对中山凉湿生境的适应。

By study of the medium-acid plutonic rock and its maric microgranular enclaves of the middle Gangdis〓 belt, this dissertation will discuss the characteristics of the Gangdis〓 medium-acid plutonie magmatism and the crust/mantle dynamics during uplifting of Tibetan Plateau from the sight of material and energy, and use'lithoprobe'to connect crust and mantle interaction and other geologic events.

中、新生代青藏高原岩浆活动强烈，沿雅鲁藏布江缝合带形成了著名的冈底斯构造—岩浆带，本篇博士论文以冈底斯带中酸性侵入岩及其中铁镁质微粒包体为研究重点，探讨冈底斯带中酸性侵入岩浆活动特征，从物质和能量的角度论述了高原隆升过程中的壳/幔动力学过程，利用&岩石探针&将壳/幔之间的相互作用和地质事件有机地结合起来。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷