内酰胺

Losing competence might affect their β-lactam resistance, and the consequences were different in different strains.4. To further understanding when and where pneumococci formed transformation in vivo so as to study the influence of pneumococcal transformation to its virulence, we constructed a pneumococcus 22G itstransformation forming could be reported by EGFP.

肺炎链球菌的感受态形成可诱导ciaH和cpoA的表达增加，其感受态缺陷影响到其对β-内酰胺类抗生素的敏感性，但不同菌株影响的结果不同。4、为进一步了解肺炎链球菌在宿主体内转化发生的情况，便于深入研究体内细菌转化对其毒力形成的影响，本研究构建了绿色荧光报告细菌转化发生的肺炎链球菌菌株22G。

D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine is one of the important side chain in the semi-synthetic-lactam antibiotic molecules widely clinically used in the world.

D-对羟基苯甘氨酸(D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine，D-HPG)是临床上广泛使用的半合成β-内酰胺类抗生素的重要结构部分。

Addition, the safety and tolerability of In P1A recombinant-lactamase were studied.

此外， 安全性和P1A重组-内酰胺酶的耐受性进行了研究。

Using extensie MS, U, and NMR spectral analyses, the structure has been established as compound 1, aureoerticillactam, a 22-atom macrocyclic lactam incorporating both triene and tetraene conjugated olefins.

运用包括质谱、紫外及核磁共振的多种光谱分析，解析确定了该化合物1的结构，是一个含有共轭三烯和共轭四烯的22元环大环内酰胺。

Using extensive MS, UV, and NMR spectral analyses, the structure has been established as compound 1, aureoverticillactam, a 22-atom macrocyclic lactam incorporating both triene and tetraene conjugated olefins.

运用包括质谱、紫外及核磁共振的多种光谱分析，解析确定了该化合物1的结构，是一个含有共轭三烯和共轭四烯的22元环大环内酰胺。

Renal impairment was induced (uranyl nitrate, 1 mg/kg of body weight) in rats to simulate the human pharmacokinetic parameters for the beta-lactams studied.

在老鼠中可以诱发肾衰弱（每公斤体重服用1毫克硝酸双氧铀），来模拟人体中研究β-内酰胺的药效参数。

METHODS The production of β-lactamase was determined by paper acidimetric method.

方法采用纸片酸度法测定菌株是否产β内酰胺酶，采用琼脂稀释法测定淋球菌株对抗菌药物的MIC。

Based on the above research background,our research was focused on reactions after enzymatic acylation.

基于这种研究现状，本论文把研究重点放在了抑制剂β-内酰胺环开环后的后续反应上。

Methods: We collected 121 of clinical isolates of Enterobacter, including 87 isolates Enterobacter cloacae, 34 isolates Enterobacter aerogenes, all of the isolates were detected by cefoxitin three-dimension test, drug resistance phenotypes estimation, cloxacillin disc synergy test and cloxacillin-potentiated disc diffusion test respectively to find high-level AmpC β-lactamase isolates, drug resistance phenotypes estimation were also used to detected high induction producing AmpC β-lactamases isolates, meanwhile, we took three-dimension test as standard method, and compared to other methods, then calculated the coincidence rates, sensitivities and specificities of them.

采用头孢西丁三维实验、纸片耐药表型推断法、邻氯西林纸片协同法、双纸片邻氯西林增效试验分别检测高产AmpCβ-内酰胺酶株，获得高产AmpC酶在肠杆菌属细菌中的表达状况。采用纸片耐药表型推断法检测诱导和高产AmpC酶，同时以头孢西丁三维实验为标准，其他三种方法与之相比较，分析它们检测高产AmpC酶的符合率、灵敏度和特异性。

The amidation and esterification of different cyclic anhydride s with aniline and phenol gave different major products,and the routes were optimized.

结果表明，环酐的分子结构直接影响反应结果，当酸酐分子存在共轭结构时以N-芳基内酰胺为主要产物。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新