内酰胺

To date, the mechanism of resistance to antibiotics, particularly β-Lactam class of antibiotic, is becoming exceedingly complex.

尤其对临床上使用较多的头孢菌素类、青霉素类等β-内酰胺类抗生素的耐药，已给人类健康造成巨大威胁，急需阐明其复杂的耐药机制。

Beta;-lactam antibiotics is normally obtained from fermentation, purification, chemical modification and refining process.

beta；-内酰胺类抗生素一般由微生物发酵、纯化、精制以及化学修饰等过程得到。

The development of antibiotics agents and β-lactam antibiotics were briefly described in this paper, both the development of cephalosporins and the characteristics of Cefradine were introduced. The synthesis of Cefradine was studied particularly.

本论文简述了抗生素及β—内酰胺类抗生素的发展概况，详细介绍了头孢菌素类抗生素的进展与第一代头孢菌素类药物——头孢拉定的特点，着重研究了头孢拉定的合成。

Most bacteria were resistant to βlactam antibiotics, but sensitive to aminoglycosides, Carbopenem antibiotics and quinolones antibiotics.

细菌多对β内酰胺类抗生素耐药，普遍对氨基糖苷类、碳青酶烯类和喹诺酮类抗生素敏感。

In Jeju, Korea and gave a lecture on Enzyme Engineering in -lactam antibiotics Industry.

杨晟赴韩国参加第6 届中－韩生命科学与生物技术研讨会，并作题为-内酰胺类抗生素工业

The method is simple and rapid, the results are accurate and reproducible, and the method could be used for analysis of arginine in βlactam antibilotic injection.

本法专属、快捷，结果准确，重现性好，可以作为部分β内酰胺类抗生素注射用制剂中添加的活性物质精氨酸的含量测定方法。

The control group received CDZ 50 mg/kg, q 12 h; The control group received other β-lactam antibiotics.

观察组抗生素首选CDZ 50 mg/kg，q 12 h；对照组选用其他β内酰胺类药物。

Besides, it's the first report of having detected compounds with the N-substituted lactam structure in PA6 thermal decomposition process.

在PA6热分解产物中检出具有N-取代内酰胺结构的二聚体类化合物，这属首次报道。

The prevalence of extended-spectrum betalactamase of Escherichia coli and Klebsilla spp. was 59.50% and 55.98%, respectively. 63.97% of Pseudo monas aeruginosa were isolated from sputum, drug-resistant rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sputum from pa tients in ICU, neurosurgical department, respiratory and emergency pediatric department, respiratory department was 21.05%, 15.99%, 7.09% and 6.07% respectively.

大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌属超广谱β-内酰胺酶产生率分别为59.50%和55.98%。63.97%的铜绿假单胞菌来源于痰标本，不同科室痰标本中分离的铜绿假单胞菌耐药率从高到低依次为重症监护室(21.05%)、神经外科(15.99%)、呼吸急救儿科(7.09%)、呼吸内科(6.07%)。

Results The percentage of produced metallo-β-lactamase, lossed outer membrane OprinD2 and active efflux system in P A resistance to carbapenem are 29.8%, 31.9% and 31.9%, produced other β-lactamase is 6.4%, Conclusion Metallo-β-lactamase production is one of the main mechanisms in PA resistance to carbapinem, the result of correct detection in laboratory can not only promote the rational application of antimicrobial agents but also prevent the spread of bacterial resistance

结果 产金属酶、D2缺失、外排泵出分别占29.8%、31.9%、31.9%，产其他β-内酰胺酶占6.4%。结论产金属酶是PA耐碳青酶烯类抗菌药物最主要机制之一，准确的实验室检测不仅可以帮助临床合理选用抗菌药物并可减少细菌耐药性的传播。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新