内部比率

In order to overcome the technological difficulties encountered in the course of insulation fault diagnosis on the base of dissolved gases analysis, several kinds of mathematic models and actualized methods are brought forward to improve the reliability and veracity of fault diagnosis of transformers. The research works are shown mainly as followings:1 A modified fuzzy multi-criteria method is brought forward for insulation fault diagnosis of transformer. Furthermore, a new method for insulation fault diagnosis is proposed on the base of fuzzy multi-criteria together with rule reasoning. With fuzzy diagnosis in the method, fault reasons are filtrated and then the reasons in low probability are prohibited, Moreover, the left reasons are testified by using rule reasoning and then final concludes are drawn in much less misjudge probability and better results.2 On the base of geometry characteristics of C- partition to sample set of DGA data of transformer, a method is put forward to compute effective radius of neighbor field of a sample, number of clusters and values of initial centers. Moreover, the fuzzy C- means cluster model with adaptive weight is brought forward in the first time and then the fault classifier is designed for insulation fault diagnosis of transformer.3 According to the weakness of the degree of gray of gray incidence, a new formula to compute DGI is put forward and then incidence order criterion is ascertained. Moreover, a new DGI model for fault diagnosis is proposed according to the further analysis to relationship between fault reason and content of oil dissolved gases of transformer.

为解决在应用油中溶解气体分析方法（Dissolved Gases Analysis，简称DGA）诊断变压器内部绝缘故障时所遇到的主要技术难题，论文提出了用于提高变压器故障诊断准确性和可靠性的数学模型及实现方法，主要研究工作如下：1）提出了一种改进的变压器绝缘故障诊断模糊综合评判方法；进一步提出了将模糊综合诊断与规则推理相结合进行绝缘故障诊断的方法，该方法采用模糊推理对故障原因进行"过滤"，滤掉可能性极小的原因，然后进一步利用规则推理验证剩下的可能原因，得出最终结论，大大减少了误判比率，获得了较好的效果。2）根据以变压器DGA数据为特征量的样本空间的c-划分几何特性出发，提出了一种求取样本有效邻域半径和聚类数及聚类中心初值的方法，在此基础上，首次提出了一种自适应加权的变压器绝缘故障诊断的模糊c-均值聚类模型，并设计出故障分类器。3）针对常用灰色关联度的不足，提出了一新的灰色关联度计算公式及确定关联序的准则；并在此基础上，通过深入分析变压器发生绝缘故障时的原因与油中溶解特征气体含量的关系，建立了一种新的故障诊断灰色关联模型；通过实例分析证明，该方法能有效地诊断出变压器绝缘故障及故障部位，大大提高了诊断的准确性。

Other methods—internal rate of return, benefit cost ratio-can lead to incorrect decisions.

其他方法，如内部收益率，收益-成本比率等，可能导致错误的决策。

Modified Bruno ratio; internal exchange rate

修改后的布鲁诺比率；内部汇率

A charge pump phase locked loop based on self biased technique is presented. In this technique, the operating bias levels are essentially established by the operating frequency of the voltage controlled oscillator, namely, all bias voltages and currents are determined by VCO controlling voltage. Thus, a fixed damping factor and a fixed ratio of the bandwidth to operating frequency are obtained, which are defined by th...

给出了基于自偏置技术的电荷泵锁相环电路，压控振荡器的工作频率动态地建立了电路内部所有的偏置电压和电流，从而实现了固定衰减因子，固定环路带宽与工作频率之比，这二者由电容的比率决定，极大地实现了电路设计的工艺无关性，同时也得到了小的相位抖动，最后，对这种锁相环的稳定性进行了一定的分析。

For Berkshire's shareholders, myself included, the cost of this thumb-sucking has been huge. o Our consistently-conservative financial policies may appear to have been a mistake, but in my view were not. In retrospect, it is clear that significantly higher, though still conventional, leverage ratios at Berkshire would have produced considerably better returns on equity than the 23.8% we have actually averaged. Even in 1965, perhaps we could have judged there to be a 99% probability that higher leverage would lead to nothing but good. Correspondingly, we might have seen only a 1% chance that some shock factor, external or internal, would cause a conventional debt ratio to produce a result falling somewhere between temporary anguish and default.

另外我们一贯保守财务政策可能也是一种错误，不过就我个人的看法却不认为如此，回想起来，很明显的我们只要能够再多用一点财务杠杆操作(虽然较之他人还是很保守)，就可以得到远比现在每年平均 23.8%还要高的投资报酬率，即使是在 1965 年我们也可以百分之九十九地确定高一点的财务杠杆绝对只有好处没有坏处，但同时我们可能也会有百分之一的机会，不管是从内部或是外部所引发令人异想不到的因素，使得我们负债比率提高到介于一时冲高到负债倒闭之间。

The damage represents complex mechanism. In this research based on T300/HT3 laminate structure, fatigue life is predicted phenomenologically, dealing mainly with in-plane stresses without accounting for out-of-plane failures such as craze. Fatigue modulus, based on damage mechanics, is used as a physical parameter which helps to describe the basic fatigue behaviors of unidirectional laminates and obtain expressions for cumulative damages defined by strains and stress. Based on some typical fatigue test data for unidirectional composite laminates, residual modulus sequence is found out.

本文以T300/HT3复合材料层压结构为研究对象，从唯象的观点出发，以损伤力学为基础构造损伤函数，考虑了剩余刚度和应变比率对复合材料的疲劳性能的影响，以这些变化着的机械性能作为损伤变量，建立了复合材料的疲劳损伤模型，基于层压板拉—拉疲劳试验数据，拟合出损伤模型中的参数，从而得到层压板拉—拉疲劳损伤变化规律，并建立损伤变量与内部损伤及疲劳寿命的联系，从而预测常幅应力作用下疲劳寿命。

Where Z is the ratio in efficiencies of fuel cell and internal combustion vehicles, Cg and APg are the cost/per MJ of gasoline and the corresponding AP emissions, and CH and APH are the cost/MJ of compressed (350 atm) hydrogen and the corresponding AP emissions

Z在燃料电池的效率中是比率的地方，而内部的燃烧车辆，Cg和APg费用与每汽油和相应的AP喷射的MJ，而CH和APH是压缩( 350 atm )的氢和相应的AP喷射的费用与MJ

Where Z is the ratio in efficiencies of fuel cell and internal combustion vehicles, Cg and APg are the cost/per MJ of gasoline and the corresponding AP emissions, and CH and APH are the cost/MJ of compressed (350 atm) hydrogen and the corresponding AP emissions

那里Z是比率在燃料电池和内部氧化的车效率， Cg和APg是费用或每汽油和对应的AP放射MJ，并且CH和APH是压缩的(350 atm)氢和对应的AP放射cost/MJ

Has been modified as follows: where Z is the ratio in efficiencies of fuel cell and internal combustion vehicles, Cg and APg are the cost/per MJ of gasoline and the corresponding AP emissions, and CH and APH are the cost/MJ of compressed (350 atm) hydrogen and the corresponding AP emissions

被修改如下：那里Z 是比率在燃料细胞和内部燃烧车效率， Cg和APg 是cost/per MJ 汽油和对应的AP 放射，并且CH 和APH 是压缩的(350 atm)氢和对应的AP 放射cost/MJ

To satisfy this kind of requirement, we will come true to make a career in the CMOS camera module of group interior ", big Jing Tianxian of vise general manager of Toshiba semiconductor company gives birth to say,"The rate that we contain product of step up CSCM in Toshiba interior, make Dynastron from factory of big division of labor, create camera module to electron of cliff hand Toshiba, coherent production comes true in group interior, enhance the cost competition ability of CMOS sensor career.

&为了满足这种需求，咱们将实此刻集团内部的CMOS相机模块制造事业&，东芝半导体公司副总司理大井田师长教师说道，咱们将缓缓增添CSCM产物在东芝内部重价的比率，从大分工厂制造Dynastron，到岩手东芝电子制造相机模块，在集团内部实现连贯出产，增强CMOS传感器事业的本钱竞争力。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。