内转

There are three copies of R fragment in the S mt-genome, and each copy contains two closely adjacent open reading frames: orf355 and orf77. Among these three copies two BamHI fragments were cloned, and the sequence analysis showed that cox1 and cox2 gene lies upstream of the R region in each fragment, respectively. However, they locate in different strands and head to head with R. In this study, we found that:(1) The expression of cox1 and cox2 is not affected by the transcription of R region;(2) The two copies of R region transcribe in large amount in the microspores, and produce transcripts of 1.6kb and 2.8kb, respectively, in the sterile microspores; However, the abundance of these two transcripts is reduced in the fertility restored microspores, realized through the mRNA decay, and this reduction occurs at the uninucleate microspore stage;(3) In the sterile microspores, the 5 terminus of the 1.6kb transcript contains a palindrome region that can fold into a stem-loop.

本研究发现：(1) cox1和cox2的转录没有受到R区转录的影响；(2)两个拷贝的R区在在不育花粉中高丰度表达，其转录本大小分别为1.6kb和2.8kb；而在育性恢复的花粉中，这两个转录本的丰度被大大降低，进一步分析表明这一结果是通过mRNA分子的降解途径来实现的，此降解过程发生在单核花粉期；(3)在不育花粉中，1.6kb转录本的5′末端具有一段可形成茎环结构的迴文对称序列，而在可育花粉中，其5′末端短缺了9个碱基；(4)在不育花粉和育性恢复的花粉中，R区转录本的加尾位点都集中位于一个3′茎环结构之后；(5)不管是在不育花粉还是育性恢复的花粉中，orf77区域内均在第52位和100位核苷酸处发生了不同频率的C向U的编辑，从而形成UGA终止密码；(6)不管是orf55-orf77的成熟转录本还是转录前体分子，都已被加上了Poly尾巴，表明已进入降解途径；在以上实验结果的基础上，本研究对S型CMS花粉育性的恢复机理进行了如下推测：在不育花粉和育性恢复的花粉中，orf77区域内均发生了终止编辑，即由RNA编辑产生了提前终止密码子。

The stable clones are further identified by RT-PCR and Western blot; 6 MTT assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell growth of cells (AGS, SGC7901, MKN28, NIH3T3, GES-1); 7 Soft agar assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the clonality of cells (AGS, MKN28); 8 Nude mice assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell growth of gastric cancer cells (AGS, MKN28); 9 Flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell cycle distribution of cells (AGS, MKN28, NIH3T3, GES-1); 10 Flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the cell apoptosis of cells (AGS, MKN28, NIH3T3); 11 MTT assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the drug sensitivity of cancer cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR, HL-60, HL-60/VCR) in vitro; 12 SRCA is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the drug sensitivity of gastric cancer cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR) in vivo; 13 Flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on adriamycin accumulation of cancer cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR, HL-60, HL-60/VCR); 14 Transmission electron microscope is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the sensitivity of SGC7901 cells towards drug-induced apoptosis; 15 Flow cytometry and DNA ladder assay are used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the sensitivity of cells (SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR, HL-60/VCR) towards drug-induced apoptosis; 16 Microarray is used to investigate the profiling of ZNRD1-responsive genes in gastric cancer cells (AGS, MKN28, SGC7901, SGC7901/VCR); 17 RT-PCR and Western blot are used to identify the results of microarray; 18 Reporter gene assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the transcriptional activity of cyclin D1; 19 Reporter gene assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the transcriptional activity of MDR1; 20 Kinase assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the activity of cyclin E-CDK2 kinase; 21 The antisensenucleic acids of p21 is used to inhibit the expression of p21, and flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of p21 on ZNRD1-induced cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells; 22 The antisensenucleic acids of p27 is used to inhibit the expression of p27, and flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of p27 on ZNRD1-induced cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells; 23 Liposome is used to up-regulate the expression of Skp2, and flow cytometry is used to investigate the effect of Skp2 on ZNRD1-induced cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells; 24 Western blot is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the stability of Skp2 and p27 in gastric cancer cells; 25 MVD assay is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the angiopoietic activity of gastric cancer cells; 26 ELISA is used to investigate the effect of ZNRD1 on the expression of VEGF165 in gastric cancer cells; 27 The roles of DARPP-32 in MDR of gastric cancer cells are investigated using gene transfection, MTT assay, SRCA, flow cytometry and DNA ladder assay.

应用杂交瘤技术制备ZNRD1的首个单克隆抗体；2）利用RT-PCR、Western blot和免疫组化检测ZNRD1在胃癌组织、胃炎组织、正常胃上皮组织、胃癌细胞和正常胃组织上皮细胞中的表达；3）构建ZNRD1的小干扰RNA载体，并测序鉴定；4）利用脂质体将ZNRD1的真核表达载体及其空载体转染胃癌细胞（AGS、SGC7901、MKN28）和小鼠成纤维细胞（NIH3T3），G418筛选后进行鉴定；5）利用脂质体将ZNRD1的小干扰RNA载体及其空载体转染药敏胃癌细胞（SGC7901）、正常胃组织上皮细胞（GES-1）、对长春新碱耐药的胃癌细胞（SGC7901/VCR）、药敏白血病细胞（HL-60）、对长春新碱耐药的白血病细胞（HL-60/VCR），G418筛选后进行鉴定；6）利用MTT实验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（AGS、SGC7901、MKN28、NIH3T3、GES-1）生长的影响；7）通过软琼脂克隆形成实验检测上调ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞克隆形成能力的影响；8）通过裸鼠成瘤实验检测上调ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞体内成瘤性的影响；9）通过流式细胞仪分析ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（AGS、MKN28、NIH3T3、GES-1）的细胞周期的影响；10）通过流式细胞仪分析上调ZNRD1对细胞（AGS、MKN28、NIH3T3）的凋亡的影响；11）通过MTT实验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、HL-60、HL-60/VCR）体外药物敏感性的影响；12）通过肾包膜下移植法检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR）体内药物敏感性的影响；13）通过流式细胞仪分析ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、HL-60、HL-60/VCR）内阿霉素蓄积和泵出的影响；14）通过透射电镜检测上调ZNRD1对SGC7901细胞凋亡敏感性的影响；15）通过流式细胞仪和DNA梯度试验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、HL-60）凋亡敏感性的影响；16）通过基因芯片检测ZNRD1高/低表达对胃癌细胞内基因表达谱的影响；17）利用RT-PCR、Western blot对基因芯片的结果进行鉴定；18）利用报告基因实验检测ZNRD1对cyclin D1的启动子活性的调节作用；19）利用报告基因实验检测ZNRD1高/低表达对MDR1的启动子活性的调节作用；20）利用激酶试验检测ZNRD1对cyclin E-CDK2 激酶活力的影响；21）利用反义核酸技术抑制p21的表达；通过流式细胞仪检测抑制p21对ZNRD1介导的细胞周期阻滞的影响；22）利用反义核酸技术抑制p27的表达；通过流式细胞仪检测抑制p27对ZNRD1介导的细胞周期阻滞的影响；23）利用脂质体转染法上调Skp2的表达；通过流式细胞仪检测上调Skp2对ZNRD1介导的细胞周期阻滞的影响；24）利用Western blot检测ZNRD1对p27和Skp2的蛋白稳定性的影响；25）利用微血管密度实验检测ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞裸鼠移植瘤微血管形成的影响；26）利用ELISA检测ZNRD1对AGS、MKN28细胞培养上清和移植瘤匀浆中VEGF165含量的影响；27）利用脂质体转染法、MTT实验、肾包膜下移植法、流式细胞仪和DNA梯度试验检测新耐药相关分子DARPP-32对细胞（SGC7901、SGC7901/VCR、对阿霉素耐药的胃癌细胞SGC7901/ADR）多药耐药表型的影响；利用脂质体转染法和MTT实验检测下调ZNRD1对DARPP-32介导的胃癌多药耐药的调控作用。

1,After transfected the mutated mtDNA of colorectal carcinoma,the mtDNA D-loop region of the transfected cells displays new mutation points.2,The external source pieces of the mutated mtDNA can integrate to nuclear genome after transfection.3,There's no differences in apoptosis between combinations after transfected the mutation of mtDNA in NIH3T3 and LST cells.4,The mutated mtDNA may affect the action mechanism of occurrence and development in colorectal carcinoma through affecting its mtDNA mutation or integrating exogenetic mtDNA to its nuclear which may cause the abnormal expression of oncogene or anti-oncogene.

（1）转染突变的大肠癌细胞mtDNA后转染细胞的mtDNA均可发生多处的突变位点。（2）通过转染后突变的外源性的mtDNA可以整合到核基因组内。（3）突变的mtDNA转染LST细胞及NIH3T3细胞后，不影响转染细胞的凋亡改变。（4）mtDNA的突变可能通过影响体细胞mtDNA的突变和通过外源性mtDNA在核内的整合从而影响癌基因或抑癌基因的表达异常，从而参与肿瘤的发生发展。线粒体DNA；D―环区；突变；质粒；pcDNA3.1；转染

But the effluent ammonium in the anoxic reactor, where enough NO2 were present, was equal to the blank system, and no ammonium was converted to such nitrogen compounds as NO2- and N2 by Nitrosomonas eutropha using NO2 as electron acceptor, which maybe caused by lack of the function bacteria. There were two ANAMMOX reaction pathways in the one-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal system. One way was that after part of NH4+ was oxidized to NH2OH under aerobic conditions, NH2OH and NO2- were converted to N2O under anaerobic conditions, at last N2O was further converted to N2 which realized the nitrogen removal; Another way was that at first NO2- was reduced to NH2OH, NH2OH reacted with NH4+ to form N2H4, which was further converted to N2 subsequently, realizing the nitrogen removal.

结果表明：单级自养脱氮系统内6.72%的氨氮是通过吹脱等物化作用去除的，不超过6.02%的氨氮是通过传统硝化反硝化途径去除的，87.26%左右的氨氮是由自养脱氮途径去除的，自养脱氮反应起主要脱氮作用；在足够NO2存在且缺氧的条件下，单级自养脱氮系统内的出水氨氮浓度与空白反应器相当，NH4+并没有被亚硝化单胞菌以NO2为电子受体氧化为NO2-和N2等化合物而得以去除，可能是因为系统内不存在该代谢功能的亚硝化功能菌；单级自养脱氮系统内存在两条ANAMMOX反应途径：其中一条途径即NH4+在好氧条件下被氧化为NH2OH后，生成的NH2OH与系统内的NO2-在缺氧条件下被转化为N2O，N2O则进一步被转化为N2而实现氮的去除；另外一条途径即NO2-首先被还原为NH2OH，生成的NH2OH则与系统内的NH4+反应生成N2H4，N2H4继续被转化为N2而实现氮的去除。

Trans-Blot Cells and Systems 170-3825 Trans-Blot Cell With Wire Electrodes and PowerPac HC Power Supply, 100120/220240 V, includes 2 gel holder cassettes, buffer tank, lid with power cables, 4 fiber pads, 1 pack precut blot absorbent filter paper (15 x 20 cm), power supply, power cord, instructions 170-3850 Trans-Blot System With Plate Electrodes and PowerPac HC Power Supply, 100120/220240 V 170-3853 Trans-Blot System With Plate Electrodes, Super Cooling Coil, and PowerPac HC Power Supply, 100120/220240 V, includes 2 gel holder cassettes, buffer tank, lid with power cables, 4 fiber pads, 1 pack precut blot absorbent filter paper (15 x 20 cm), power supply, power cord, instructions 170-3910 Trans-Blot Cell With Wire Electrodes, includes 2 gel holder cassettes, buffer tank, lid with power cables, 4 fiber pads, 1 pack precut blot absorbent filter paper (15 x 20 cm) 170-3939 Trans-Blot Cell With Plate Electrodes and Super Cooling Coil, includes 2 gel holder cassettes, buffer tank, lid with power cables, 4 fiber pads, 1 pack precut blot absorbent filter paper (15 x 20 cm) 170-3946 Trans-Blot Cell With Plate Electrodes, includes 2 gel holder cassettes, buffer tank, lid with power cables, 4 fiber pads, 1 pack precut blot absorbent filter paper (15 x 20 cm) Trans-Blot Cell Accessories 170-3912 Super Cooling Coil, required for all high-intensity transfers 170-3913 Gel Holder Cassette, includes 2 fiber pads 170-3914 Fiber Pads, 15.5 x 20.5 cm, 6 170-3920 Trans-Blot Standard Wire Electrode Card, cathode 170-3921 Trans-Blot Standard Wire Electrode Card, anode 170-3922 Trans-Blot Cell Buffer Tank 170-3923 Trans-Blot Cell Lid With Power Cables 170-3943 Trans-Blot Platinum Anode Plate Electrode 170-3944 Trans-Blot Stainless-Steel Cathode Plate Electrode 170-3945 Trans-Blot Plate Electrode Pair, platinum anode and stainless-steel cathode 16 规格:说明: Trans-Blot Plus

电泳转印槽组件 1。缓冲液槽及带有电缆的盖 2。凝胶支架转印夹 3。纤维衬垫 4。电极丝 5。电极板 6。特级冷却芯 Trans-Blot 转印槽是功能灵活的转印设备，可理想地用于多种转印应用。Trans-Blot 转印槽特点包括：*能进行多胶转印，可容纳3 块PROTEAN I xi 凝胶、6块Criterion 凝胶、12块Mini-PROTEAN 3 或Ready Gel 预制胶*多组参数灵活可设，可调节的电压设置（从30 V 的过夜转印到200 V 的1 小时快速实验）*电极间距设置为8 cm 用于标准印迹杂交，或设置为4cm 用于高强度印迹杂交*可选择板式电极：涂有铂金的钛作为正极，不锈钢为负极，能提供高强度电场和比其它电极更高的电流密度。或选择较经济的铂金电极丝*通过特级冷却芯和水循环仪来调节温度―是天然酶（4°C）或高强度转印的理想选择，随着转印时间增加（多达24 小时），不会引起缓冲液耗竭（在高强度转印中必须使用冷却芯，也推荐用于所有板式电极的应用）*带铰链的凝胶支架转印夹能避免滑动，确保凝胶与印迹膜间的紧密接触；每个转印夹都有颜色标记以保证在转印槽中的正确定位 Trans-Blot 转印槽的锁闭凝胶支架转印夹系统。转印夹（1）支撑凝胶（2）印迹膜（3）两侧有纤维衬垫和滤纸（4）确保凝胶三明治内的完全接触。凝胶夹垂直插入缓冲液槽中（5）。

The results suggest that the enhancement of GABA-activated currents by OT may suppress primary sensory transmission by potentiating pre-synaptic inhibition of GABA.

以上结果提示：OT受体激活后可能通过相应的胞内转导机制增强GABA激活电流，从而在初级感觉神经元水平加强GABA的突触前抑制作用而减弱感觉信息的传递。

The antisera can recognize not only recombinant IRF-7 expressed in E. coli, but also transfected IRF-7 in mammalian cells.

该抗血清不但能识别来源于大肠杆菌的抗原，还能检测真核细胞内转染后表达的IRF-7。

Shoulder joint position sense decreased in the softball player with shoulder pain.

在肩上投掷时，肩痛症状会影响肩部关节位置觉，造成主动复位时准确度下降，尤其是肩盂关节的内转及水平外展，且关节在末端角度受到的影响更为明显。

Trans-Blot Plus Cell 170-3990 Trans-Blot Plus Cell With Plate Electrodes and Super Cooling Coil, includes 3 gel holder cassettes, buffer tank, lid with power cables, 6 fiber pads, 1 pack blot absorbent filter paper (26.5 x 28 cm, 30 sheets), roller, stirbar 170-3991 Trans-Blot Plus Cell and PowerPac HC Power Supply Accessories 170-3994 Trans-Blot Plus Gel/Cassette Assembly Tray 170-3995 Fiber Pads, 27 x 28.5 cm, 2 170-3996 Blot Absorbent Filter Paper, 26.5 x 28 cm, 60 sheets 170-3997 Stirbar 170-3998 Trans-Blot Plus Roller, 6 wide 170-39 Trans-Blot Plus Gel Holder Cassette With Clamps 170-4990 Trans-Blot Plus Super Cooling Coil 170-4991 Trans-Blot Plus Platinum Anode Plate Electrode 170-4992 Trans-Blot Plus Stainless-Steel Cathode Plate Electrode 170-4995 Trans-Blot Plus Cell Buffer Tank 170-4996 Trans-Blot Plus Cell Lid With Cables 170-4997 Gel Holder Cassette Clamps, for Trans-Blot Plus cell, set of 3 9 规格:说明:运用Mini-PROTEAN II 多道筛选仪,可以快速有效地筛选 40 种不同的抗体或血清,无需把western

转印条件可调，能在很大的分子量跨度上获得最佳转印效果*耐用的板式电极能产生强大而均一的电场，而且电极在槽内的位置灵活可换；不论运行1、2 或3 个转印夹，电极间距可调节到最小以获得最大的场强和转印效率*凝胶支架转印夹保证整个凝胶与印迹膜表面的均衡接触*转印夹的铰链设计能防止凝胶滑动，便于转印夹组装*颜色标记的转印夹及电极板确保在转印槽内的正确定向*特级冷却芯和冷却水循环器进行温度调节―可理想地用于天然酶或高强度转印，或用于延长转印时间时减少缓冲液的损耗*可选择的组装盘是凝胶三明治和转印夹组装的理想选择 Trans-Blot Plus 转印槽能从单向和双向大格式凝胶上均一、高效地转移蛋白―配合使用新推出的 PowerPac HC 电源，多数蛋白都可在1530 分钟内完成转印。

Because of reflex brain action, the affected eye turns inwards.

因为反射的脑行动，受影响的眼睛向内转。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。