内质的

Results: The main ultrastructural changes after Cd treatment included swelling or vacuolation of mitochondria, increase of myelin figures in GCT cells, and swelling of mitochondria in the endothelial cells of peritubular capillaries. The changes above were most prominent at 7~15d, and swelling of the cytoplasm and slight karyolysis were also found. The morphology of GCT cells didn't recovery to normal yet after 30d.

结果：镉注射后24h，GCT细胞内出现不同程度的线粒体肿胀和空泡化，胞质和线粒体内可见髓样结构，GCT周围毛细血管内皮细胞线粒体肿胀。7~15天后上述改变明显加重，部分GCT细胞见胞质广泛肿胀和轻度核溶解，30天后细胞形态仍未恢复正常。

The FTIR analysis indicated that there was no or very little suberin in endodermis radial wall of cotyledon compared with primary and two-year-old leaves. Furthermore, the content of suberin in endodermis of the primary leaves was lower than that of two-year-old leaves.

根据FTIR的检测结果显示：子叶内皮层细胞径向壁不含木栓质或极少，2 a生针叶内皮层细胞径向壁木栓质含量高于初生叶。

With DGD method, the electron microscopy observation has provided new information on the process of chromatin migration. That is: Firstly, the nucleus moved toward cell wall and a picture characteristic of synizesis stage of meiosis appeared; Secdonly, the transmigration of chromatin occured through CC, and a more extensive region constituted of nuclear skeleton left behind chromatin, which was named as"clear spaces" under light microscopy; Thirdly, at the late stage of synizesis, most of chromatin had gone into adjacent cells through CC and fused into a whole, and the nuclear skeleton left in the former cell gradually mixed with cytoskeleton in cytoplasm.

DGD—包埋去包埋电镜观察表明：百合花粉母细胞中有类似核纤层的结构存在；在染色质穿壁运动过程中，首先是细胞核向细胞壁靠拢，并可留下瞬间的运行轨迹——细胞核后方出现只有细胞骨架而少有细胞器的区域；其后是染色质开始穿壁，在穿壁染色质后方细胞核内出现无染色质仅有密集的核骨架的区域，到了染色质穿壁后期，大部分核物质都已穿至相邻细胞，并彼此融合，而残余在原穿出细胞中的核骨架己逐渐与原细胞的胞质骨架融为一体。

The energy-dispersive X-ray analysis showed that the endodermis with Casparian strips in primary and two-year-old leaves functioned as apoplastic barriers against Na and Cl. However, no blockage of Na and Cl in cotyledon was observed when they passed endodermis.

对相应区域的X射线微区分析表明，子叶内皮层对Na和Cl在质外体运输中不起障碍作用，而初生叶与2 a生针叶内皮层阻碍Na和Cl以质外体途径进入维管组织。

As an immunomodulator NO may play a role like a double-edged sword since it expresses both in immuonchalleged and immunosspresed states. 2. After received external stimulus the morphology of ependyma of SFO could be changed and varied with time course, particularly its cellular apoptosis do occur and earlier than the ordinary areas of the brain. 3. Astrocytes in SFO could express cFos protein induced by LPS, suggesting the cells may maintain homeostasis in the brain in a longer period and modulate immune state of the brain. 4. As a CVO, SFO may sense changes of blood-bearing immunosignals earlier and instantly response to them, thus as one of windows of the brain SFO do take part in immunomodulation within the brain.

通过我们的实验结果我们可以得出这样一些初步的结论：1、一氧化氮作为免疫调质参与了机体免疫，它既能在免疫激发状态下又可在免疫抑制状态下进行表达提示，NO在脑内免疫调节中的作用可能是双向的。2、穹窿下器的室管膜形态在接受外界刺激后，随着时间的变化而不同，扫描电镜下的凋亡形态虽需进一步证实，但室管膜细胞确实发生了凋亡，并且穹窿下器发生的较早。3、穹窿下器内的星形胶质细胞在给予大肠杆菌后确实可以表达c-fos蛋白，并可能通过自身的激活来较长时间的维持体液的动态平衡，调节脑内免疫状态。4、穹窿下器作为感受性室周器官之一，能够较早的感受血携免疫信息的改变并及时作出反应，可能作为外周免疫信息进入脑内的窗口之一来参与脑的免疫调节。

Results: ApoD was observed positively expressed in type2 astrocytes and oligodendrocytes from O2A lineage, while it was not expressed in type1 astrocytes from T1A lineage. Accordingly, we can verify the phenomenon found in the study of T1A and T2A gene different expression profile that ApoD mRNA was highly expressed in T2A and lowly expressed in T1A. Conclusion: It can be concluded that lipid metabolism related genes such as ApoD play important roles in the generation and differentiation of O2A lineage, which closely correlate with internal mechanism of lipid metabolism in the brain and myelogenesis.［Key words］astrocyte(T1A, T2A); oligodendrocyte; O2A lineage; apolipoproteinApoD

我们已采用基因芯片技术在mRNA水平研究两型星形胶质细胞的基因表达谱差异，发现ApoD在2型星形胶质细胞中差异高表达，故本文拟用激光共聚焦双重免疫荧光标记技术进一步在蛋白质水平观察ApoD在体外分化成熟的两型星形胶质细胞以及少突胶质细胞中的表达情况，以期为我们深入研究ApoD等脂代谢相关基因在脑内脂质代谢和神经髓鞘发育机制中所起的作用提供有用的实验依据，依此探讨胶质细胞发生和分化的信号机制。

At postnatal 1st week immunopositive reaction of NGF was detected mainly in sustentacular cells and the spermatogonia also showed positive staining. NGF positive staining in the testes was observed in interstitial cells, spermatogenetic cells, sustentacular cells and Leydig cells at 3rd week. After the postnatal 5th week, NGF-positive immunostaining was also detected in intersitial cells and spermatogenetic cells, but the intensity of reaction was weaker than that at 1st and 3rd weeks.

免疫组化定位分析显示：睾丸组织的神经生长因子蛋白表达于小鼠出生后的各个时期内，1周龄睾丸组织免疫阳性反应主要位于支持细胞，精原细胞也有着色；3周龄睾丸组织的间质细胞、各级生精细胞、支持细胞、管周肌样细胞表达均呈现阳性；5周后的睾丸组织内神经生长因子呈低水平表达，主要表达于间质细胞和生精细胞内。

Methods At first, retrovirus vectors encoding IFN-γ or IL-4 gene were constructed. They were transfected into PA317 packaging cells by lipofectamine, PA317IFN-γ and PA317IL-4 cells were obtained. C6 glioma cells were infected with replication deficiency retrovius containing IFN-γ or IL-4 gene, cell morphology、cell growth curve and cloning efficiency assay were examined. The intracranial C6 glioma animal model was established in immunocompetent Wistar rats. PA317IFN-γ and PA317IL-4 cells were stereotactically implanted into the tumor areas alone or together. The survival of tumor bearing rats were examined, tumor volumes were measured and immunohistochemical analyses of CD4〓 and CD8〓 T lymphocyte infiltration were performed.

构建和鉴定携带IL-4或IFN-γ基因的逆转录病毒载体，将其导入逆转录病毒包装细胞PA317，通过G418抗性筛选，得到携带目的基因的包装细胞并鉴定；应用携带IL-4或IFN-γ基因的复制缺陷型逆转录病毒感染C6胶质瘤细胞，观察对C6胶质瘤细胞形态、细胞生长曲线和克隆形成率的影响；建立C6胶质瘤大鼠脑内移植动物模型，将携带IL-4和IFN-γ基因的逆转录病毒包装细胞分别或联合注射到脑内荷瘤大鼠的肿瘤组织中，观察其治疗作用，并初步探讨其机制。

It show that interstitial fluid pressure changes its sig n twice within one arteriolar vasomotion period and it is therefor not important that interstitial fluid pressure is a little higher or lower than atmospheric p ressure; arteriolar vasomotion can periodically result in lymph formation and in terstitial total pressure plays an important role in this procedure; local regu l ation of microcirculation can meet metabolic need to some extent in the form of dynamic equilibrium.

利用解析法与有限元法相结合的&影响线算法&，求解了第一部分中建立的数学模型，分析了微循环系统动力学的若干重要问题，表明在微动脉自律运动周期内，间质流体压力将两次改变符号，因而某些理论中十分强调的间质流体压力是略高于或略低于大气压力的问题显得并不重要；微动脉自律运动能导致周期性的淋巴形成，间质总应力在这一过程中起着重要作用；微循环局部调节可以以动态平衡的方式在一定范围内满足代谢的需要。

Tiffs endogenous fluorescent protein possesses many advantages and facilities as fluorescent tag instead of exogenous dyes in fresh cell studies.

实验表明，EGFP分子可以通过核孔在核质间被动扩散，但扩散速度远低于在核内或质内的速度，没有证据表明EGFP可以在细胞问扩散。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。