内质

ER is well characterized as a mobilizable calcium store that sequesters excess cytosolic calcium and a reservoir for calcium signaling to maintain intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis.

2钙离子的检测 1、细胞内质网是[Ca~(2+)]_i的主要储存场所，以及[Ca~(2+)]_i在细胞凋亡的信号转导通路中所具有的重要作用，本实验研究了SfaMNPV诱导SL-1细胞凋亡过程中细胞内[Ca~(2+)]_i的变化以及[Ca~(2+)]_i可能在凋亡信号转导通路中的意义。

The changes of osteoblastic surface structure and ultrastructure were observed under electron microscope.

结果 (1)PDGF对培养24小时的成骨细胞S期的DNA含量明显增高(17.7%)；(2)PDGF促使细胞内线粒体更丰富，粗面内质网增多。

Results The nucleus morphology of the hepatocytes was abnormal ,the nucleus was pyknotic, the mitochondria crista was broken. The endoplasmic reticulum was reduced and swelled.

结果：实验组肝细胞核形态异常、固缩，线粒体脊断裂，内质网减少且肿胀，毛细胆管扩张，内有胆泥淤积。

Electron micrograph showed us that hepatocytes were damaged seriously along with the prolonged NHBD time in A group. At the NHBD 120 and 150min in A group, hepatocytes showed numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles and lysosomes, round swollen mitochondria with clear matrix and rough endoplasmic reticula which was not in a stacked arrangement.

电镜发现，A组随着心跳停搏时间的延长，肝细胞的损伤逐渐加重，至120和150min时，肝细胞内可出现大量空泡和溶酶体，线粒体和粗面内质网结构也遭到破坏，但未出现明显的坏死和凋亡改变。

Results: The cultured chondrocytes were polygonal cells. There were many rough endoplasmic reticula and mitochondria in cytoplasm, and a lot of secretory vesicles under cell membrane and in the cytoplasm. When cultured for 10 days, some small and white nodules were formed on the bottom of the culture dished, and volcanic-mouth-like structures were formed when cultured for 20 days. Both these nodules and structures contained GAG-positive substances were demonstrated by safranine-O staining.

结果：体外培养的软骨细胞为多角形，透射电镜下见胞浆内有丰富的粗面内质网系统及线粒体，胞膜下及胞浆中有较多分泌泡；连续培养10天时，培养瓶底部出现肉眼可见的白色结节，蕃红-O染色显示白色结节含大量氨基葡聚糖阳性物质，20天时形成火山口样结构，也被蕃红-O染成深红色。

The primary culture chondrocytes were round or polygonal shape, half of the 4th generation turned to spindle shape, most of the 6th passage were long spindle shape; The rough endoplasmic reticula and the mitochondrial were rich and well developed, the ability of proliferation of the 3th generation were stronger than the first one, while the 5th generation was weaker.

原代软骨细胞呈圆形或多角形，第4代有一半变成梭形，第5代绝大部分变为长梭形；原代软骨细胞胞浆内粗面内质网和线粒体丰富，第3代软骨细胞生长增殖能力强于原代，第5代增殖能力明显减弱。

Fig 4 Few of rough endoplasmic reticula, mitochondrid and co llagen can be seen in the cytoplasm of fibroblast, the ribosome of rER is degran ulated, the nucleous is abnormal, there are a lot of granule (maybe the antisens e oligodeoxynucleotide) in the cytoplasm TEM×5200

图4反义核酸组的瘢痕成纤维细胞粗面内质网较少、有脱颗粒现象，线粒体少，胞核畸形，胞内有吞噬颗粒，细胞周围胶原纤维较少TEM×5200

It is the fast Ca 2+ release channel of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

钙释放通道又称ryanodine受体，是细胞内质网膜上介导细胞内钙信号转导的离子通道。

Under electron microscope, lead acetate induced nuclear pyknosis, mitochondrial swelling and vacuolization, cell blebbing. But the structure of endoplasmic reticulum remained unchanged.

电镜下观察，乙酸铅能使细胞核固缩，线粒体肿胀、正常结构消失并伴有空泡化，胞内出现鼓泡现象，但内质网未见异常。

Human liver with responsibility for metabolizing on endogenous and exogenous compounds,was the important lieu for biotransformation.

肝脏是人体重要的生物转化场所，肝细胞的光面内质网上镶嵌着丰富的代谢酶，负责内源及外源化合物的代谢。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。