内聚性

Want those who improve software to be able to safeguard gender, alterability, design low coupling, tall cohesion with respect to what must let us, also must accomplish duty drive to design .

要提高软件的可维护性、可变更性，就必须让我们的设计低耦合、高内聚，也就必须做到职责驱动设计。

They had suppressed the cathodic process of carbon steel electrode. Their inhibition performance was also related with their molecule stereo conformation and electron configuration. Four of bis-(1, 1'-benzotriazoly)-α,β-diamide compounds linked via-CO 〓CO-chain were synthesized and certified by IR and 〓H-NMR. The minimum energy conformations of these compounds were obtained by MM2 forcefield program. The two benzotriazole moiety in BBT1 was more planar than in other compounds. This was beneficial in increasing the inhibition effects of BBT1. In 0.5M H〓SO〓 solution, BBT1 suppressed anodic corrosion reaction. In 3%NaCl solution, BBT1 suppressed both cathodic and anodic corrosion reactions. 1- [ (1'-imidazolly)-methyl] benzotriazole was synthesized by Mannich reaction.

合成了四个通过-CO〓CO-连接的双（1，1'-苯并三唑）-α，ω-二酰胺化合物，采用MM2分子力学程序优化了它们的分子结构，双（1，1'-苯并三唑）-α，ω-二酰胺化合物的缓蚀作用与其分子内两个苯并三唑单元的空间取向有关系，良好的平面性有利于苯并三唑二聚体的吸附和缓蚀作用，苯并三唑二聚体BBT1分子内两个苯并三唑单元近似平行，所以显示出较好的缓蚀效果。0.5M硫酸中BBT1主要抑制铜的阳极溶解的电化学反应；3％NaCl溶液中，BBT1对铜的阳极溶解和氧的阴极还原过程均有抑制作用，相比较而言对阴极过程的抑制作用更大一些。

The incidence matrix of activity units is chosen to calculate the numbers of controlling elements to improve the efficiency and rate of getting cohesion coefficients.

提出了用活动单元关联矩阵图来计算约束结构中控制元数目的方法，提高了内聚系数计算的快速性和准确性。

MapReduce is, in retrospect, obvious to anyone who remembers from their 6.001-equivalent programming class that purely functional programs have no side effects and are thus trivially parallelizable.

我希望你现在明白，把函数当成基本类型的编程语言能让你在编程过程中更好的进行抽象化，也就是使代码精悍、功能更内聚、更具可重用性及更具有扩展性。

SSR markers are used to do cluster analysis on 100 snap bean germplasms which divided into 6 groups.

利用SSR标记的多态性对100份菜豆种质资源进行聚类分析，根据聚类分析结果，所有供试材料在相似系数为0.33～1.00范围内聚在一起，在阈值0.54处可将所有的种质资源分成六个组群，第一组群主要是由肉质脆的蔓生菜豆构成，这一组群的遗传背景丰富。

A novel type of amphiphilic tri-block copolymers with both pH and temperature sensitiveness: poly-poly (dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate)-poly (ε-caprolactone)(PEG-PDMAEMA-PCL) was synthesized via sequential oxyanionic polymerization of macro-molecular: PEG, with a hydroxyl at one end, and dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate andε-caprolactone, with the potassium naphthalene as the initiator.

在本文中，报道了一类新型的兼具pH和温度敏感的双亲性嵌段共聚物：聚乙二醇-聚甲基丙烯酸N，N-二甲氨基乙酯-聚己内酯(PEG-PDMAEMA-PCL)及聚甲基丙烯酸N，N-二甲氨基乙酯-聚己内酯(PDMAEMA-PCL)的制备；并利用动态光散射和氢核磁共振光谱(~1H NMR)对该嵌段共聚物的水溶液性质进行研究；在此研究结果的基础上，初步探讨了其在仿生物矿化中的应用。

Result 1 Magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles modified with antisense oligodeoxynucleotide of human telomerase reverse transcriptase induced HL-60 tumor cells to apoptosis, we could see typical morphologic change of apoptosis cells: karyopyknosis, chromation"s condensing and aggregation in nuclear, forming crescent-shaped or annulus structures to lean on edge of cell nucleus"s membrane and posing apoptosis body by Atomic Force Microscope, Fluorescence microscope, transmission electron Microscope 2 There was a significant difference compared with control group(p.01), inhibition ratio had significant positive correlation with medication dosage and time ;during 0.8-8μM dosage amplitude, inhibition ratio accrescenced by dosages increasing. However, the inhibition ratio would decrease when dosage over 8-80μM.

结果 1 磁性纳米粒子、修饰有端粒酶反义寡核苷酸的磁性纳米粒子诱导HL-60细胞发生凋亡，原子力显微镜、光学显微镜、荧光显微镜和透射电镜下均观察到HL-60细胞呈现典型的凋亡细胞的形态变化：细胞核固缩，核内染色质浓缩、凝聚、形成新月形或环状结构紧靠在细胞核膜边缘，并形成凋亡小体。2 磁性纳米粒子、修饰有端粒酶反义寡聚脱氧核苷酸的磁性纳米粒子对HL-60肿瘤细胞的生长和增殖有明显的抑制作用，与对照组相比有显著性差异(p＜0.01)，在剂量为0.8-8μmol／L范围内，抑制率随剂量的增加而增加，当剂量超过8μmol／L时，抑制率反而下降；3 磁性纳米粒子、修饰有端粒酶反义寡聚脱氧核苷酸的磁性纳米粒子可增强p53基因的表达活性，引起DNA降解损伤，反向调节细胞周期活动，促使细胞从G0期进入G1期，抑制肿瘤细胞的生长。4 修饰有端粒酶反义寡聚脱氧核苷酸的量子点能通过内吞作用进入HL-60肿瘤细胞的细胞核，可以在细胞内进行定位和促进HL-60肿瘤细胞的凋亡。

Furthermore, out of 497 fAFLP markers, 80 special bands were found to be able to distinguish the four groups from each other and may be applied for germplasm characterization and molecular assistant classification of Meretrix clam.4 Molecular classification of two species of Meretrix clam based on fAFLP and ITS sequences4.1 The results of fAFLP maker analysis of S, G and W showed that each group had their own specific loci among which there were 53 special loci in W group, much more than those of S group (14) and G group (21). Among the 53 loci, nine were all dominant loci. These unique loci could be taken as molecular markers to distinguish W from other groups. The genetic similarity indexes and distance matrix between S and G groups were 0.9585 and 0.0424 respectively, but the genetic similarity indexes and distance matrix between W group and S or G group was 0.7939 or 0.7941, and 0.2308 or 0.2305 respectively. The results revealed that significant difference existed between W and S or G groups in molecular genetic structure. The phylogenetic trees by the methods of UPGMA and NJ also indicated that S and G populations were very closely related, while W population was a relatively independent cluster, lying beyond the species which S and G belong to.4.2 The internal transcribed spacer region of the rDNA from S group, G group and W group were PCR amplified and sequenced. The results showed that the size of ITS ranged between 1266-1269bp in W group, while those in G and S groups were 1614bp and 1520bp respectively. The GC content ranged 62.32-62.62% in W group while it was 61.77% in G group. The genetic distances between three populations of W group were 0.001～0.003, but it was 0.110 or 0.147 respectively between W group and G group or S group. Phylogenetic trees by NJ method also showed that G group was very closely related to S group, while W group was a relatively independent cluster.

在457个总扩增位点中找出了53个W的特有位点，远多于S群体(14)和G(21)群体，而且在53个特有位点中有9个出现频率为100%的位点，这些位点可以作为区分其它2个群体的特征性标记；S– G群体特有的位点有112个，其中有4个位点出现频率为100%，可作为S– G群体区别于W群体的特征性标记。S群体和G群体间的遗传相似性系数为0.9585，遗传距离只有0.0424，在NJ和UPGMA法构建的亲缘关系的树状图上均首先聚在一起，说明二者的亲缘关系很近，应属于种内群体间的关系；而W与S和G的遗传相似性系数均较小(0.7939和0.7941)，相对遗传距离很大而且十分相近(0.2308和0.2305)，在亲缘关系树状图上单独分出一支，也表明W与S和G群体间的亲缘关系较远。4.2 ITS序列比较分析通过对白壳文蛤、山东文蛤和广西文蛤的ITS序列扩增电泳、PCR-RFLP分析和ITS序列分析发现，W的ITS序列长度在1266-1269 bp，而S和与G的ITS序列总长度分别为1520 bp和1614 bp；从ITS1和ITS2长度来看，W分别为739-741 bp和316-317 bp，S为895 bp和414 bp，G为987 bp和416 bp；而从ITS碱基组成来看，W的GC含量在62.32-62.62%之间，而G群体为61.77%。W的3个壳色不同群体间的遗传距离仅0.001、0.002和0.003，S与G群体间的遗传距离是0.010，说明W群体内变异很小，而S与G群体间已出现明显的遗传分化，但还均属于种内群体间的遗传变异；而W与G和S的遗传距离分别达到0.110、0.147，两个类群差异显著，已远超出种内群体间的遗传变异。

The aim of this study was to develop a novel amphiphilic functional block poly(ε-caprolactone) bearing ketone groups MPEG-b-P(OPD-co-CL. 2-oxepane-1, 5-dione was copolymerized with ε-caprolatone in which methoxy poly (MPEG, Mn=5 000) and stannous octoate were used as initiator and catalyst, respectively. The syntheses were conducted by bulk and solution polymerization. 1H NMR results showed that peak position and splitting of the polymers synthesized through solution polymerization were consistent with theoretical data, demonstrating the products were designed block copolymers. While in the bulk polymerization, polymer peak position was changed due to their high reaction temperature, suggesting their structural variation.

将带有羰基官能团的4-羰基己内酯和ε-己内酯分别在甲氧基聚乙二醇(MPEG，Mn=5 000)为引发剂，异辛酸亚锡为催化剂溶液和本体体系中开环聚合，合成了两亲性侧基带有羰基官能团的聚己内酯嵌段共聚物MPEG-b-P(OPD-co-CL.1H NMR结果表明采用溶液聚合法合成的聚合物各峰的峰位置和分裂情况与理论一致，证明了产物是实验所设计的嵌段共聚物，而采用本体聚合法合成的聚合物由于温度的影响，聚合物各峰的峰位置发生了变化，说明其结构发生了变化；差示扫描量热法分析结果表明随着OPD单体含量的增加，聚合物的熔点，玻璃化转变温度和熔融焓增加；热失重测试结果表明OPD单体的引入增加了聚合物的热敏感性。

Results (1) From more than 100 primers, 11 primers producing polymorphism and reproduceable bands were selected, 129 bands were amplified.(2) The percentage of polymorphic bands within different populations were 20.9%-55.0%.(3) The cluster map including all samples were obtained by UPGMA. In the map, there were six cluster groups and three individuals outside the groups. The branch with five samples of Zhongjiang Sichuan population were far from other samples in genetic distance.(4) According to the distribution provinces five groups were divided in genetic variance analysis. Genetic variance 80.44% existing within population, 8.29% among populations and 11.27% among groups.

结果 （1）从100多个引物中选择出11个多态性强和重复性好的引物，扩增得到129条带；（2）不同居群内多态位点比率为20.9%－55.0%；（3）用UPGMA法得到所有样本的聚类图，可分为6个主要分支组和3个组外个体，其中四川中江居群的5个样本聚为一组，并与其他样本遗传距离较大；（4）按产地分组，遗传差异的80.44%存在于居群内，8.29%来自于组内居群间，11.27%的遗传差异来自于组间。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。