内耳

The middle ear is an air-filled hollow between the eardrum and the inner ear.

中耳是一个充气空心之间的耳膜和内耳。

We hear when the cochlea, in the inner ear, stimulates the auditory nerve.

当内耳中的耳蜗刺激听神经时，我们便可以听见声音。

Reconstruction of the braincase and inner ear of Archaeopteryx revealed strong similarities to present-day birds, with areas of the brain involved in hearing and vision enlarged and an enlarged forebrain that would enhance the rapid integration of sensory information required in a flying animal Alonso et al.

重建的braincase和内耳的始祖鸟的发现，强烈的异同，以目前的天鸟，与地区的大脑所涉及的听力和视力扩大，以及扩大forebrain这将提高的快速融合感官所需的资料在一个飞行动物

Into the membranous floor of this chamber stretched a spoon-shaped and very delicate stapes, which presumably vibrated in response to sound impinging directly on the air in the chamber, transmitting these vibrations to the inner ear through a hole in the wall of the braincase .

在这气室的膜状地板上，有一个汤匙状的精巧镫骨，应该会对气室中传递声音的空气直接反应而振动，把这些振动经由颅骨壁上的洞传递到内耳。

The auditory thresholds were examined through the auditory brainstem responses to click, which tone pips were 8, 16, and 32 kHz. The mice were intracardically perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde. The bulla were further fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, processed and sectioned with paraffin embedded method.

用听性脑干反应测试短声、短音8，16和32 kHz听阈，经活体心脏灌注固定、听泡石蜡包埋和耳蜗连续切片，用免疫组织化学方法确定上述3种酶在内耳的分布情况。

Cochlea is spiral-shaped part of the inner ear.

耳蜗是内耳里螺旋状的部分。

Objective To further understand the intracellular calcium mobilization features of the isolated ampullate crista vestibular hair cells and ATP effects on intracellular free calcium concentration(［Ca2+］i) in VHCs of the guinea pig.

目的 探讨离体前庭毛细胞（vestibular hair cells，VHC）去极化时细胞内钙离子活动特征及内耳活性物质ATP对离体VHC内钙离子浓度的影响及其机制。

The course will start with an overview of the central and peripheral nervous systems, the development of their structure and major divisions. The major functional components of the CNS will then be reviewed individually. Topography, functional distribution of nerve cell bodies, ascending and descending tracts in the spinal cord. Brainstem organization and functional components, including cranial nerve nuclei, ascending / descending pathways, amine-containing cells, structure and information flow in the cerebellar and vestibular systems. Distribution of the cranial nerves, resolution of their skeletal and branchial arch components. Functional divisions of the Diencephalon and Telencephalon. The course will then continue with how these various CNS pieces and parts work together.

这门课将会从中枢和周边神经系统构造的发展和主要的分化点来概述，中枢神经系统的主要功能将会在复习中个别地说明：神经细胞体的断层以及功能性的分布、脊髓内上升和下降神经束的特征学和功能分布；脑干组织和功能要素，包括脑神经核、上升和下降神经束走向、含胺基酸脑激素细胞的分布、小脑和内耳前庭系统的构造和资讯传导流；颅神经的分布、骨弓和腮弓的演化；间脑和终脑的功能与分类；这门课将会探讨这些不同的中枢神经系统如何一起作用。

Potentially, this discovery may some day lead to transplants of stem cells from a hearing impaired individual's brain to his or her inner ear, with the cells taking on the role of hair cells.

有朝一日，这一发现可能使听力受损患者的内耳接受干细胞移植，这些干细胞来自他自己大脑中发挥毛细胞作用的干细胞。

Objective To investigate proteomics of the inner ear by two direction electrophoresis and biologic mass spectrometry.

目的 通过制备、分离和鉴定正常情况下内耳表达的蛋白质，了解内耳的蛋白质组学特征。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。