内耳

Results Five cases with common cavity underwent micro-endoscopy during cochlear implantation. In 4 cases, the cavities were full of perilymph. We could find that the cavity was irregularly round-shaped, about 6.5 mm in diameter, with thin mucosa adhere to the cavity wall. In the center area, around the internal acoustic meatus fundus, there was a horseshoe- shaped cystic structure about 3 mm3, which was a combined structure of the saccule, utricle and scala media.

结果 对5例患者进行共同腔内耳蜗内镜检查，见4例腔内充满液体，吸出后腔壁有扉薄黏膜附着，腔呈不规则圆形，直径平均约为6.5 mm，中央区贴近内听道底部位见马蹄形或肾形囊腔，约 3 mm3大小，为内耳球囊、椭圆囊和中阶畸形融合的结构；1例腔内淋巴液较少，共同腔壁附着软组织和肉芽，约1.5 mm厚，无法将腔壁上的软组织与中阶、球囊、椭圆囊的结构区分。

Body and internal auditory volume of Smad4-/-mice were obviously smaller than that of Smad4+/+ or Smad4+/- mice, and so did semicircular canal and crista ampullaris, utricle and macula utriculi, saccule and macula sacculi, endolymphatic duct and sac in the same manner. Outlines of vestibulum auris internae in Smad4-/- were normal but morphous had local malformation, and Semicircular canals in Smad4-/-, without morphous malformation, had different track compared with in Smad4+/+ or Smad4+/-.

纯合子小鼠体形、内耳颞骨体积明显小于野生型和杂合子，纯合子小鼠内耳前庭形态轮廓基本正常，局部畸形，半规管及半规管壶腹嵴、椭圆囊及斑、球囊及斑、内淋巴管和内淋巴囊均小于野生型和杂合子小鼠，其半规管走行与野生型和杂合子小鼠不同，但无明显畸形。3。

Objective To supply suboccipital retrosigmoid approach drilling of the posterior wall of the internal acoustic meatus and preserving bone labyrinths. Methods Ten cadaveric adult heads were examined by internal acoustic meatus centered CT thin tomographic scan.

应用10例甲醛固定的汉族成人头颅湿性标本，以内耳道为中心进行了CT断层薄扫，在手术显微镜下磨开内耳道后壁，保护骨迷路，用游标卡尺、量规进行了测量。

A mathematical model including the suspension and tire parameters is developed for analyzing the automotive interior noises caused by road irregularity excitation in this paper.The interi-or noises at driver's ear position are calculated by means of admittance functions at suspension mounting points,noise transfer functions from suspension mounting points to driver's ear and suspen-sion and tire parameters.

本文建立了因路面不平度随机激励所产生的车内噪声的数学模型，借助于测得的车身悬置连接点的导纳函数、各连接点到车内耳旁位置的噪声传递函数以及悬置和轮胎参数，计算了由路面不平度所引起的车内耳旁噪声的大小。

Background: Harada disease, or Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibodies that attack melanocyte-containing tissues or organs such as skin, hair, meninges, uvea, and the inner ear.

摘要原田氏病是一种罕见的自体免疫性疾病，病患会产生抗体侵犯全身含黑素细胞的组织，包括眼睛、内耳、皮肤、毛发及脑膜等，而表现出各种症状，诸如视力丧失、内耳症状、白斑、秃发、毛发变白及头痛。

Objective To study the cell proliferation in endolymphatic sac during the secondary immune response in inner ear.

研究表明，内耳受到抗原激发时，内淋巴囊局部可聚集包括免疫活性细胞在内的大量炎症细胞参与免疫反应，说明内淋巴囊在内耳免疫中具有重要作用。

We have identified a chick homolog gene, cAxin2, which is expressed in the otic cup beginning at stage HH14+ and exhibits a dynamic expression pattern during formation and further differentiation of the otic v.

我们发现了一个鸡的等位基因cAxin2，于HH-14+期，它初始表达在发育内耳的耳杯中，并在内耳的形成及进一步耳囊的分化过程中显示了一个动态的表达方式。

To explore the microdissection of the cerebellopontine angle as well as to study the advantage and disadvantage of the retrosigmoid approach and the retrosigmoid suprameatal approach, the relationship among the facial nerves, inter-medium nerves, anterior inferior cerebellar artery and petrosal vein were studied, and two approaches particularly also were explored from fifteen dry skulls and ten wet skulls, along the approach of RSA and RSSMA.

本研究旨在了解桥小脑角的显微解剖；探讨枕下乙状窦后入路及乙状窦后-内耳道上入路的优缺点。本实验采用15例(30侧)干标本和10例(20侧)湿标本，按照枕下乙状窦后入路和乙状窦后-内耳道上入路的所涉及的解剖区域，解剖观测面神经、中间神经、小脑前下动脉及岩静脉等诸多结构，并对神经外科手术乙状窦后入路及乙状窦后。

Methods A model of autoimmune inner ear disease was established by systemically immunizing the guinea pig with the homologous crude inner ear antigen. The immunized cochleae and normal control cochleae were examined for the expression of hsp70 with techniques of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.

利用同种异体内耳抗原免疫豚鼠，以建立自身免疫性内耳病（autoimmune inner ear disease， AIED动物模型，并应用免疫组织化学及原位杂位技术，研究热休克蛋白（heat shock protein， hsp70在正常对照组及 AIED 模型动物实验组耳蜗中的表达情况。

The result indicates that acetylcholine is one of the important neurotransmitters in the inner ear, and plays a role in the neurochemical transmission subserving the efferent-afferent interaction in the inner ear.

在前庭终器和基底膜上扩增出标志N型乙酰胆碱受体α10亚基基因表达的PCR产物，为乙酰胆碱是内耳重要的神经递质之一提供了支持，并为N型乙酰胆碱受体在内耳中的传入－传出调节中的作用提供了依据。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。