内耳

These animals,which threshold of auditory nerve compound active potential and cochlear microphonic potential heightening evidently,showed that the amplitude of endolymphatic potential bring down in various degress,which was related to the change of the active of Na+-K+-ATPase and SDH in vascularis stria and endolymphatic sac.

研究证实，同种内耳抗原(isologous inner ear antigen，IIEAg)免疫可造成ASHL动物模型；并行体液与细胞转移免疫均获得成功；针对内耳组织的特异性抗体和淋巴细胞可经体液循环到达内耳局部；内淋巴囊(endolymphatic sac，ES)在其中起着重要作用〔1～4〕。

With the development of Immunology, its theory and technique application in the field of Otology, it is known gradually that inner ear is not immuno- privileged organ, it has the capacity of immuno- response defence and regulation. In certain circum- stances, the tissue of inner ear may become an autoantigen, which stimulates immune response of inner ear, induces inner ear lesions, causes Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease . Investigation into the inner ear immunity has opened up a new way of studing uncertain inner ear diseases.

随着免疫学的发展，免疫学理论和技术在耳科领域日益广泛的应用，使人们逐步认识到，内耳并非免疫"豁免"器官，它具有免疫应答、免疫防御和免疫调节能力；在某些病理情况下，内耳组织可成为自身抗原，激发内耳免疫反应，导致内耳损害，引起自身免疫性内耳病，对内耳免疫学的探讨，已为不明原因的内耳病的研究开辟了新的途径。

Based on the retrosigmoid approach, the suprameatal tubercle and partial petrosal apex were drilled. The CT and the manual measurements were used for determining the extension of the suprameatal tubercle and petrosal apex in three dimensions before and after the resection of them. The exposed field of the middle fossa and superior clivus and the length of the exposed trigeminal nerve were also measured.

经乙状窦后入路开颅，磨除内耳道上结节和部分岩尖，采用实体和CT相结合的方法测量内耳道上结节、岩尖的切除范围，记录内耳道上结节、岩尖切除前后颅中窝、上斜坡的显露面积和三叉神经的显露范围。

Results①Make clear of the general principal during the morphologicaldevelopment of the C57BL/6 mouse inner ear and reconstructed the 3D modelof E13 inner ear;②The mature time of many histological structuresassociated closely with the hearing setout of C57BL/6 mouse were madeclear as basilar membrane in D10, scala vestibular and tympanicD4, Cortis tunnel D12, inner sulcus D10, tectorial membrane D10, haircells D12, spiral ganglion neurons D12 and neurofilament in cochlear axisD12-D14.③Outlined the time table and the patterns of the expressionsof those proteins associated with the inner ear development which includedproneural committed proteins, neuronal differential proteins,neurotrophic factors and neuron special proteins.

结果①HE常规染色大体观上了解了C57BL／6小鼠内耳形态发育E8-Da期间的一般规律并且获得了E13的三维立体图像；②获得了各种听功能密切相关的结构的成熟时间点，基底膜(D10)、鼓阶前庭阶(D4)、螺旋器隧道(D12)、内螺旋沟(D10)、盖膜(D10)、毛细胞(D12)、螺旋神经元(D12)和蜗轴纤维(D12-D14)；③完成了前神经决定蛋白、神经分化蛋白、神经营养因子和神经元特异性蛋白等内耳发育相关的蛋白的表达时限表并详细观察了其在内耳各个部位表达随发育变化的特点：④Calbindin在E16以后的螺旋神经元没有表达，但是在scarpa神经元持续表达。

Results①Make clear of the general principal during the morphologicaldevelopment of the C57BL/6 mouse inner ear and reconstructed the 3D modelof E13 inner ear;②The mature time of many histological structuresassociated closely with the hearing setout of C57BL/6 mouse were madeclear as basilar membrane in D10, scala vestibular and tympanicD4, Corti\'s tunnel D12, inner sulcus D10, tectorial membrane D10, haircells D12, spiral ganglion neurons D12 and neurofilament in cochlear axisD12-D14.③Outlined the time table and the patterns of the expressionsof those proteins associated with the inner ear development which includedproneural committed proteins, neuronal differential proteins,neurotrophic factors and neuron special proteins.

结果①HE常规染色大体观上了解了C57BL／6小鼠内耳形态发育E8-Da期间的一般规律并且获得了E13的三维立体图像；②获得了各种听功能密切相关的结构的成熟时间点，基底膜(D10)、鼓阶前庭阶(D4)、螺旋器隧道(D12)、内螺旋沟(D10)、盖膜(D10)、毛细胞(D12)、螺旋神经元(D12)和蜗轴纤维(D12-D14)；③完成了前神经决定蛋白、神经分化蛋白、神经营养因子和神经元特异性蛋白等内耳发育相关的蛋白的表达时限表并详细观察了其在内耳各个部位表达随发育变化的特点：④Calbindin在E16以后的螺旋神经元没有表达，但是在scarpa神经元持续表达。

Lipomatous tumors in internal auditory canal and cerebellopontine angle are very rare; low-grade papillary adenocarcinoma of endolymphatic sac origin is rarely reported and has low malignant potential.

脂肪瘤样迷离瘤是一种发生在内耳听神经管或桥小脑角非常罕见的由脂肪、纤维、平滑肌、横纹肌以及神经成分组成的良性肿瘤。内耳内淋巴囊来源的低级别乳头状腺癌是发生在内耳内淋巴囊的特别罕见的低级别肿瘤。

The endolymphatic sac contains immunocompetent cells capable of processing and presenting viral or bacterial antigen, potentiating the immune response, attacking the invaders directly or attacking infected cells, and developing immunoglobulin responses in situ.

本研究拟探讨DC是否参与了内耳的免疫反应，在内耳的这种反应中神经免疫和自身免疫与细胞免疫之间有相互影响，这种影响对内耳的形态和功能是否有保护作用。

This expression distribution suggests that COCH gene may contribute to maintain inner ear connective tissue extracellular matrix architecture, and do not support the postulation that gene might play an inner ear immune defensive function. 2. In vitro, the culturing spiral ligament type Ⅰ fibrocytes expressed COCH gene and POU3F4/brn4 gene, which were checked by RT-PCR and Western blot, and expression level did not chang with in 15 generations.

小鼠内耳COCH基因原位表达分布的观察结果提示，基因的功能与维持内耳间质组织细胞外基质的结构稳定有关，不支持COCH基因的功能与内耳免疫应答反应有关的推论。

The method keeps the integrated structure of internal ear with high safety,which is now the main local treatment for inner ear diseases.

近年来鼓室用药治疗内耳疾病技术得到了飞速发展，该方法保留了完整的内耳结构、安全性较高，是目前针对内耳局部的主要给药方式。

This experiment selects material E14d SD the big mouse SVZ nerve stemcell as well as P7d the SD big mouse internal ear stem cell, does nothave the blood serum complete culture medium raise through D-MEM/F12to cause its massive multiplication, a part carries on Nestin, NF,CNP, GFAP, MAP-2, Myosin, the P27 immunity group, proved the raise thenerve stem cell has many to the split up ON potential; Another partdyes EGFP after the extension to carry on the guinea pig internal earto transplant, after two weeks fills the class to take the cochleafixed slice observation, discovered has the stem cell ball group inthe internal ear survival, proved the nerve stem cellheterotransplantation the possibility and for transplants the stemcell migration differentiation repair hair cell damage the thoroughresearch accumulation experiment experience.

本实验取材E14d SD大鼠SVZ神经干细胞以及P7d SD大鼠内耳干细胞，通过D-MEM/F12无血清完全培养基培养使其大量增殖，一部分进行Nestin、NF、CNP、GFAP、MAP-2、Myosin、P27免疫组化，证明培养的神经干细胞具有多向分化的潜能；另一部分通过转染EGFP后进行豚鼠内耳移植，两周后灌流取耳蜗固定切片观察，发现有干细胞球团在内耳存活，证明神经干细胞异体移植的可能性并为移植干细胞迁移分化修复毛细胞损伤的深入研究积累实验经验。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。