内窥镜的

In order to apply virtual reality technique into medical image processing, make convenient for surgeons to access virtual and mini invasive surgery, this paper, presents a full interactive virtual endoscopy system framework, analyzing and discussing system architecture and algorithm models. We explain some key procedures in virtual endoscopy system such as definition of world coordinate, virtual camera, surface detection, normal approximation, volume rendering and surface rendering, and also some interactive control method.

在综合利用各种计算机图形、图象技术的基础上，提出了完整的交互式虚拟内窥镜系统的框架，同时对系统结构和各种模型进行了分析和讨论，还针对系统的实时性和绘制结果的逼真性要求，提出了基于 Object Cache和扩展的区域增长方法，并将其应用到医学图象处理当中，得到了较好的效果。

Where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my

内窥镜从我的喉咙伸进去，通过我的胃，然后进入我的肠子，用一根针在我的胰腺上的肿

From traditionary nucleus pulposus exsection to spinal fusion,endoscope and minimally invasive techniques,and prosthetic disc nucleus and artificial disc replacement in recent years, however,they relieved clinical complaint temporary by means of the destruction of structure and function of lumbar intervertebral disc.

从传统的髓核摘除术到脊柱融合术、内窥镜和微创技术及近年开展的人工髓核和椎间盘置换术，但它们都是以破坏椎间盘结构和牺牲生物力学功能为代价的，不能阻止和逆转椎间盘退变，因此椎间盘退变的基因治疗和组织工程成为研究的热门课题。

Unfortunately, awareness of and access to radiologic techniques are still limited and this has led to the development of "adventurous" techniques for placing endoscopes in stomachs rather than applying simple fluoroscopic alternatives.

然而不幸的是，了解的和可以使用的放射技术一直是有限的，这导致了放置内窥镜在胃里这种冒险技术的发展而不是单独应用x线透视。

In this paper, the main features of endoscopic image are analyzed and homomorphic systems based on the illumination-reflectance model are briefly presented. Then, principles and realization of the model are introduced and expression of the filter function of homomorphic systems is addressed.

本文首先分析医用电子内窥镜图象的主要特点，提出基于照明反射模型的同态滤波方法，接着在简要介绍模型的原理、实现过程和特点的基础上，给出了适用的滤波函数模型和表达式；最后，将处理结果和其它图象增强方法相对比。

Morphologically similar lesions from 26 patients (mean age, 62 y; range, 46 to 88 y; male/female ratio, 10/16) were retrieved from surgical pathology and consult files. Clinical and endoscopic data were obtained, and immunohistochemistry for S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament protein, epithelial membrane antigen, claudin-1, CD34, smooth muscle actin, and KIT was performed. The findings were compared with those in mucosal biopsies of 5 submucosal neurofibromas from NF1 patients.

我们从外科病理和档案库里调取了26例病变形态相似的病例（患者平均年龄62岁，范围：46至88岁，男女比例：10/16），得到了他们的临床及内窥镜资料，并给它们都做了S-100蛋白、胶质纤维酸性蛋白、神经丝蛋白、上皮膜抗原、闭合蛋白-1（claudin-1）、CD34、平滑肌肌动蛋白和KIT的免疫组化，所得的结果都与5例NF1患者粘膜下神经纤维瘤的粘膜活检的结果相比较。

Results: l、The optimal scan parameters for chinese people are flow rate of 3. 0 mL/sec and total injection 125ml. 2、Visibility of coronary arteries and segments: only those proximal and mid segment is image quality sufficient to allow a semiquantitative assessment. 3、Detection of Atherosclerotic Plaque: CT coronary imaging revealed highest sensitivities for the detection of atherosclerotic wall changes the sensitivity of stenoses was 86. 3％. 4、MSCT coronary angiography is easy to prove the entire anatomic structure of coronary and it is an effective technique for evaluating coronary patency. 5、MSCT coronary angiography correctly identified all normal controls and all patients with coronary artery fistula. The anatomic course of the coronary artery fistula was correctly classified. 6、A11 severe lesion could be visualised by

结果：1、不同的扫描技术参数所获得的造影图像质量不同，注射速率3.0ml/s组以及125m1对比剂总量组比较适合国内患者。2、多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影可显示冠状动脉的主要分支，尤其是冠状动脉的近、中段，显示率在90％以上。3、多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影对狭窄病变的敏感性为87.3％，能检出冠状动脉造影不易发现的细小斑块，判断狭窄的原因及斑块的特征。4、多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影可显示搭桥血管的形态、位置及通畅程度，显示桥血管及支架的内腔，安全便捷。5、多层螺旋CT显示冠状动脉畸形准确性高（3/3），多种成像方法可弥补冠状动脉造影显示的不足。6、仿真内窥镜可显示冠状动脉内膜和内腔，显示狭窄斑块的性质。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。