内硬膜

Conclusion. Although the majority of cauda equina tumors are primary tumors, intradural metastasis should be considered before surgery in patients with previously treated renal cell carcinoma

尽管大多数马尾肿瘤为原发性肿瘤，如果病人原先有肾细胞癌治疗史时术前应考虑硬膜内转移。

In the authors' experience with intradural cervical tumor resection, patients presenting with myelopathic motor symptoms or those undergoing a ≥ 3-level cervical laminectomy had an increased likelihood of developing subsequent symptomatic instability requiring fusion.

据作者经验，硬膜内颈部肿瘤切除在伴有髓性运动症状或椎板切除≥ 3节的病人中伴发颈椎不稳并需行融合手术的可能性增加。

To identify patients who may benefit from initial fusion, the authors assessed clinical, radiological/imaging, and operative factors associated with subsequent symptomatic cervical instability requiring fusion after cervical laminectomy for intradural tumor resection.

为确认一期融合对病人也许有益，作者从临床、放射学\影像及硬膜内肿瘤切除术颈椎椎板切除后继发颈椎不稳症状需行融合术的相关手术因素来进行评估。

Results:Out of the nine tuberculose patients,six healed after second operation,one sinus formation,two died.Out of the two disruption of wound,one was re-sutured and healed,the other healed after a long term of dressing changing.Seven infectious incision were controlled within one month.Out of the nine cerebrospinal fluid fistulae,eight were cured conservatively,only one spinal meninges was repaired.One epidural hematoma was cleared and made a good healing.Out of the two mold infection,one was cured after focal clearing,the other developed to chronic recurrent sinusitis.Four patients with sore healed after decompression.The other eight patients (four by hemostasis narcotic,two by liquefied fat,two by dermal allergic papular eczema) had good healing after intra-red therapy.

结果：9例结核患者再次手术后6例愈合，1例窦道形成，2例死亡；切口裂开2例中1例经切口再缝合愈合良好，另1例经10个月长期换药切口愈合；7例切口感染者均在1个月内控制感染；9例脑脊液漏，其中8例经保守治疗愈合，1例行脑脊膜再次修补术；1例硬膜外血肿清除后愈合良好；霉菌感染2例，其中1例经病灶清除后切口愈合，另1例演变成复发性窦道炎；4例压疮去除压迫后溃疡愈合；另外8例切口延迟愈合者中止血水引起者4例，脂肪液化2例，皮肤过敏2例，均经红外线照射后切口愈合。

Results:According to their anatomic location and vascular morphology,there were SDAVF in 3 cases,giant perimedullary AVF in one and intramedullary AVM in two.

结果：根据病变位置和血管形态、血流动力学改变，本组有3例符合硬膜动静脉瘘，1例为髓周的巨大AVF，2例为髓内型。

Results: According to their anaomic location and vascular morphology, there were SDAVF in 3 cases, giant Perimedullary AVF in one and intramdullare AVM in tWo.

结果：根据病变位置和血管形态、血流动力学改变，本组有3例符合硬膜动静脉瘘，l例为髓周的巨大AVF，2例为髓内型。

Objective To study th e effect of large and huge pituitary adenomas resected via the extended subfrontal approach.

摘 要：目的探讨扩大额下硬膜内入路显微手术切除大型和巨大型垂体腺瘤的手术方式和临床疗效。

It is an ideal operation for applying ilium autografting with vertebral canal posterior wall plastic operation combining pedicle screw fixation to treat burst fracture of thoracolumbar vertebra with spinal stenosis, it is a simple and safe operative technique to entirely decompress in duramater and nerve roots and enlarge bore of vertebral canal therefore eliminating secondary spinal stenosis, the reconstructing of posterior column including spinous process and supraspinal ligament also increasing spinal stability.

自体髂骨移植椎管成形加椎弓根螺钉内固定，对严重胸腰椎爆裂性骨折伴椎管狭窄是一种较理想的手术方法。此方法操作简单、安全，解除神经及硬膜囊压迫的同时扩大了椎管，杜绝了继发性椎管狭窄，重建了后柱结构包括棘突及脊上韧带，增加了脊柱稳定性，值得推广。

Objective To observe the treatment effect of dated tibia fracture by AO anatomizeness armor plate and planting bone.Methods To make the arc-shaped cutting on the front outboard of shank,then getting diaplasis and redress the abnormality fracture,setting AO anatomizeness armor plate on the faultage of bone and taking the alveolus of oneself plant there.

目的 观察用AO解剖钢板内固定加植骨术治疗陈旧性骨折的疗效方法在持续硬膜外麻醉下，取胫骨外侧弧形切口，复位、纠正骨折畸形，AO解剖钢板固定骨折断端，取自体骨移植于骨折间隙或骨质缺损处。

To determine the effect of intra-arterial injection of the steroids commonly used for transforaminal epidurals on the central nervous system.

目的：明确常规经椎间孔硬膜外皮质类固醇动脉内注射对中枢神经系统的影响，进一步明确是否所有皮质类固醇均有此作用。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。