内硬膜

All patients had intradural lesions: 3 schwannomas, 1 cavernoma, and 1 arachnoid cyst.

所有病人均合并硬膜内损伤：3例神经鞘瘤、1例海绵状血管瘤、1例蛛网膜囊肿。

There were 3 with the synovial hemangioma,2 with tensoynovial giant cell tumor,4 with ganglion cysts of cruciate ligament and synovial cysts,1 with chondroma in the soft tissue,2 with desmoid tumor in the cruciate ligament and 1 with cruciate ligament desmoid.

滑膜血管瘤3例，腱鞘巨细胞瘤2例，十字韧带腱鞘囊肿或滑膜囊肿4例，软组织内软骨瘤1例，十字韧带内韧带状瘤2例，十字韧带内硬纤维瘤1例。

Hemorrhage may also be isolated to the cyst or be associated with subdural and, rarely, extradural hematoma.

出血可以是孤立性的囊内出血或伴随硬膜下血肿，极少数情况下伴随硬膜外血肿。

For the safety and efficacy, the puncture needle should be used very carefully or forbidden, except for the chronic subdural or extradural hematoma.

为了安全和疗效，建议粉碎针除在慢性硬膜下血肿和硬膜外血肿应用外，脑内血肿慎用或禁用。

Objective To investigate the paregoric effects of butorphanol when the errhysis occurs inside the epidural catheter during continuous epidural anesthesia.

目的 探讨在连续硬膜外麻醉中，硬膜外导管内渗血时，应用布托啡诺镇痛的效果。

Results: After volume therapy, urine alkalization, and stabilization of internal environment, the 10 patients underwent debridement, decompression by fasciotomy or amputation under epidural anesthesia or brachial plexus block plus psychological therapy and moderate tranquillizer.

结果：经过容量治疗、碱化尿液、稳定内环境等处理后，10例伤员在硬膜外或臂丛麻醉下，辅以心理安慰和适量镇静剂，接受了清创或筋膜切开减压手术。

Materials and Methods: Of 62 patients with spinal AVMs which confirmed by MRI, DSA and/ or pathology, 30cases had intramedullary AVMs(13 occult AVMs, 5 glopular AVMs, and 12 juvenile AVMs), 24 cases had perimedullary AVF (5 type I , 12 type Ⅱ, and 7 type Ⅲ), and 8 cases had dural AVF.

材料和方法：收集了62例经MRI、DSA和手术病理证实的髓血管畸形患者，其中髓内隐匿型动静脉畸形13例、球形AVMs 5例、幼稚型AVMs 12例：髓周膜内动静脉瘘I型5例、Ⅱ型12例、Ⅲ型7例；硬膜型AVF8例。

The metabolic and endocrine sequelae of intrafacetal depot steroids have not been studied, but extrapolating from epidural steroid injections, one would expect suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis lasting up to 4 weeks depending on the depot steroid used, and impaired insulin sensitivity manifesting as elevated glucose levels for less than a week.251,252 Although rare, a host of infections have been reported after intraarticular injections including septic arthritis, epidural abscess, and meningitis.253–255 Case reports of spinal anesthesia and postdural puncture headache have also been published.256,257

小关节间隙类固醇滞留所产生的代谢和内分泌作用也未见研究，但是从硬膜外类固醇注射可以推知，依据使用量的不同，其抑制下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的时间可以持续4周。很多报道显示关节内注射后可以发生感染，但发生率较少，包括脓毒性关节炎，硬膜外脓肿及脑膜炎。也可见关于脊髓麻痹及穿刺后疼痛的报道。

Gestational hypertension is a common disease. Continue epidural anaesth during caesarean section is effective and safe for puerperant and infant.

妊娠高血压疾病是孕产妇常见病之一，行剖宫产麻醉应首先选用持续硬膜外麻醉，麻醉中无麻醉并发症发生，术后可在硬膜外腔内持续用镇痛药物，解决术后患者疼痛，其方法为安全适宜，麻醉平面易控制，对母婴影响小，并发症少等优点。

objective to observe the treatment effect of dated tibia fracture by ao anatomizeness armor plate and planting bone.methods to make the arc-shaped cutting on the front outboard of shank,then getting diaplasis and redress the abnormality fracture,setting ao anatomizeness armor plate on the faultage of bone and taking the alveolus of oneself plant there.results the 16 cases got rectification of fracture.all cases got concrescence and the function of broke limbs recover well.the time of getting rid of fixation average 13 months.conclusion it is a credible and effective method that treatment of dated tibia fracture by ao anatomizeness armor plate and planting bone.

目的 观察用ao解剖钢板内固定加植骨术治疗陈旧性骨折的疗效。方法在持续硬膜外麻醉下，取胫骨前外侧弧形切口，复位、纠正骨折畸形，ao解剖钢板固定骨折断端，取自体骨移植于骨折间隙或骨质缺损处。结果 16例患者骨折畸形均纠正，骨折全部愈合，患肢功能恢复良好，内固定去除时间平均为13个月。结论 ao解剖钢板内固定加植骨术治疗陈旧性胫骨骨折是一种可靠、疗效肯定的治疗方法。 ao解剖钢板；自体骨移植；胫骨陈旧性骨折

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。