内疝

It was comfirmed by CT or MRI among 32 cases. Conclusions Under normal intracranial pressure, if the dura mater is repaired properly at the skull-base defect and reinforced by a pedicled pericranial flap,an encephalomeningocele can be prevented.It is not necessary to take free bone graft when the size of cranial base bone defect is smaller than or equal to 4cm .

手术中只要将颅底正常硬脑膜修补完整，或选用力学性能接近甚至超过正常硬脑膜的材料进行修补，再辅以带蒂颅骨膜瓣等方法加强颅底重建后，术后颅内压不高，在通常的颅底缺损范围内(缺损直径不超过4cm)，一般不会发生脑膜脑疝出，不必行颅底骨移植。

Results Forty three cases were died from cerebral hernia before operation 1 week, in which 30 cases with bilateralis mydriasis, and the other 13 cases with half mydriasis. Twenty seven cases died from various complication during 2～3 weeks, in which 11 cases with pulmonary infection, 6 cases with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, 5 cases with acute renal failure, 3 cases with multiple organ failure, 1 case with heart failure, 1 case with metabolic disorder of body fluid.

结果术 脑疝形成使中枢衰竭在1周内死亡者43例，其中双侧瞳孔散 30例，单侧瞳孔散大13例；各并发症在2~3周内死亡者27例：肺部感染11例，上消化道出血6例，急性肾功能衰竭5例，脏器功能衰竭3例，心功能衰竭1例，体液代谢紊乱1例。

All lesions were 7-12 mm in greatest diameter. Seven cases showed a round radiolucency or a thin clear sclerotic rim in middle or up-outer of femoral neck on X-ray film.

结果：8例股骨颈疝窝均为单侧单发病灶，X线平片仅显示7例，CT均表现为股骨颈前方皮质下类圆形骨质缺损，内为较均匀液体密度，边缘清楚伴有硬化缘，最大径线为7-12 mm.7例在X线平片上表现为股骨颈中轴线或其外上方的类圆形透亮区或硬化环。

Internal hernia involves protrusion of a viscus, usually the small bowel, through a normal or abnormal aperture within the peritoneal cavity. This hernia may be either congenital or acquired.

腹内疝是内脏凸入腹腔内正常或异常的裂隙中，它可以是先天性的，也可以是后天性的。

Four cases presented clinical symptoms improvement in a short time and radiological recovery obviously after antihypertensive and anhydration therapy. One patient died caused on brain herniation.

经过积极的降压、脱水等治疗，4例患者临床症状及体征在短时间内即恢复良好，影像学复查也显示病变明显减轻或消失；1例死于脑疝。

Gasless laparoscopy was applied to reduce the incidence of complications due to pneumoperitoneum of conventional laparoscopy in a series of abdominal operation (n=53) including proctocolectomy, cholecystectomy, appendectomy, repair of perforated peptic ulcer, hepatic abscess drainage and closure of inguinal hernial ring.

为减少传统腹腔镜术气腹引起的并发症，采用非气腹腹腔镜术完成腹部手术53例，包括结直肠癌根治术、胆囊切除术、肝脓疡引流术、溃疡病穿孔修补术、阑尾切除术、腹股沟斜疝内环修补术。

It was treated by ligating hernial sac in high site,shrinking abdominal inguinal ring and repairing transversalis fascia.

分析小儿复发性腹股沟疝之原因，并采用疝囊高位结扎，内环缩小及腹横筋膜修补等手术治疗。

functional rectal suspension combined with repair of pelvic, partial sigmoidectomy, surgical elevation of pelvic floor and hysteropexy are highly effective in alleviating symptoms in patients with intrarectal proctoptosis accompanying pelvic floor herniation.

功能性直肠悬吊术附加盆底疝修补术，盆底抬高，子宫固定，乙状结肠切除术是治疗直肠内脱垂伴盆底疝的有效方法。

Objective To evaluate laparoscopic closure of the Neck of the Sac for indirect inguinal hernia in children.

目的 介绍经腹腔镜疝内口关闭术在小儿腹股沟斜疝中的应用。

Results The changes of extraocular muscles were not only the adhension with surrounding and incarceration with the fracture, but also the aspects themselves, appearance, location, thickness, macroaxis turning, and so on; Incarceration and herniation were few in medial orbital wall fracture ,but often in orbital floor fracture; Incarceration and herniation were more frequently in children than in adults; Coronal scanning, horizontal scanning and anteroposterior axes reconstitution had the different value.

结果 眼外肌除与周围有粘连和嵌顿外，还可见自身有形状、厚度、位置、长轴旋转等改变；内壁骨折极少引起内直肌嵌顿，下壁骨折中下直肌嵌夹及疝出则常见；未成年人下直肌嵌夹及疝出较成人常见；CT横轴位和冠状位，以及矢状重建在观察软组织变化中价值不同。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。