内热

The results show that the increasing Marangoni number will lead to more nonlinear distribution of temperature field, but streamfunction of the cell center; vorticity on the wall and peak value of velocity diminish first, then increase, finally lose stability. The thermocapillary convection in the whole liquid zone appears to get stronger along with the augmentation of Prantal number. The effect of increasing of Biot number on temperature and flow fields is not obvious although the convection is strengthened a little. As increasing the aspect ratio A, thermocapillary convection induced by temperature gradient and liquid viscosity becomes stronger.

结果表明：温度场的非线性分布随着Ma数的增大而加剧，但对流涡胞中心流函数、壁面涡量和轴向、径向速度峰值并不象温度场随着Ma数的增大而单调增大，而是先减小，然后增大，最后失稳，表明Ma数对热毛细对流的影响比较复杂，针对不同的物理模型，会导致完全不同的流态；Pr数愈大，流体的热扩散能力在粘性扩散与热扩散能力之比中愈占支配地位，当Ma数一定时，热毛细对流随Pr数的增大在整个液体区域内有增强的趋势；Bi数增大，热毛细对流有所增强，但不甚明显；A的增大使得由温度梯度和流体粘性诱导的热毛细对流随之增强。

It is shown in this research that:① The acoustic emission phenomena of rock discontinuously occur under the effect of temperature.

试验研究表明：①随着温度升高，岩石的声发射现象是间断发生的；②花岗岩存在一个开始发生热破裂的门槛值温度，其值为120 ℃左右；③试验温度范围内花岗岩热破裂的声发射现象可分为5个阶段，即岩石原生裂隙整合阶段、热破裂前声发射静默阶段、热破裂声发射阶段、大规模热破裂后声发射静默阶段、二次热破裂开始阶段。

As a new technique in the field of microchannel phase-change heat transfer , micro capillary grooved heat sink can drive fluid flow by capillary force and creat enhanced evaporation heat transfer conditions by promoting the formation of an extended meniscus in the three-phase contact-line region of a microgroove.

作为一种新兴的微通道相变换热技术，毛细微槽群蒸发热沉由于能依靠毛细力驱动液体流动，并易于在微槽内三相接触线区域促进扩展弯月面薄液膜的形成，创造高强度的蒸发换热条件，因而能够被用来实现极高换热系数和热流密度的换热过程。

First by testing the practical multilayer insulation in a cryogenic tanker, which is the carilometer in my paper,some affecting factors on multilayer insulation are analysed, then by using the low-temperature and vacuum environment caused by multilayer insulation, the effective thermal conductivity of multiple fiber paper with 5 layers is tested.Through Newton interativemethod,an empirical formula is deduced to computer the thermal conductivity of fiber paper,The errors between experimental thermal conductivity and the calculated conductivity by empirical formula are below10%,so the formula of fiber conductivity can be applied to practical enginnering.

为探索改善工程应用中高真空多层绝热层绝热性能的方法，本文实验研究中首先测量了包扎在实际低温储罐上不同结构的高真空多层绝热层的绝热性能，并分析了环境温度、环境压力，层数、不同隔热材料的组合等因素对工程应用中的高真空多层材料绝热性能的影响；然后利用多层绝热层中的低温真空环境测量5层干法纸在不同温度区间内的表观导热系数，在有限实验数据的基础上用牛顿迭代数值拟和出计算5层干法纸表观导热系数的经验公式，对比经验公式计算值和实验测量值，发现二者的误差在10%以内，因此在工程应用中可用本文的经验公式计算干法纸在低温下的导热系数。

Time results could be concluded as follows: 1 During the sunshine period, the vertical distribution of external surface temperature on different orientations of buildings differs from one another, and the max discrepancy of vertical temperature appears on the external surface of west oriented wall, whose max differences of the vertical temperature are above 2℃ and the standard deviation of the temperature is above 0.6℃; 2 Most of the time from 2 p.m.

通过一段时间内对某栋典型多层板楼建筑外微气候相关参数的监测，其如下：1）在太阳强辐射时间内，不同朝向的外墙外表面温度随高度分布的情况不同，西向外墙表面温度随高度变化幅度最大，其外表面垂直温度的最大温差一般可在2℃以上，标准偏差约在0.6℃以上；2）多数时间内（主要为下午2点左右至次日凌晨），西墙外表面温度以1层最高；3）建筑热外表面可产生诱导上升热气流。

The simulation results show that staged air can significantly reduce tangential circle diameter of upper parts of furnace and lower heat transfer difference of horizontal gas flue; the field test results show that the proper ratio of staged air in the total air can make tubes wall temperature distribution of high-temperature superheater uniform, and tubes' peak temperature lowered 5~10℃.

模拟计算结果表明炉内分级送风对于减小炉膛上部切圆直径、降低水平烟道内的热偏差作用明显；现场试验结果表明，适度增大炉内分级送风比例使高温过热器管壁温度分布更均衡，峰值温度降低5～10℃，使受热面运行安全性得以提高。

The thesis also discussed the synthetic influence of above factors on dynamic diagenesis in detail and graded dynamic diagenesis into three types, which were respectively thermally dynamic diagenesis, tectonically dynamic diagenesis and hydrokinetic diagenesis, and then the types of diagenesis controlled by dynamic factors had been studied: 1 thermally dynamic diagenesis, clarified the ration relationship by the conception of the thermally evolving track and the thermally maturity, 2 tectonically dynamic diagenesis, changed the porosity of reservoir mainly by tectonically movement;3 . hydrokinetic diagenesis, changed the physical and chemical properties resist-press intensity of the rock by the participating of liquid.

在研究以上控制因素的基础上，将成岩动力作用分为热动力、构造动力、流体动力成岩作用三种类型：1、热动力成岩作用，运用热演化轨迹和热成熟度的概念研究与成岩作用之间的定量关系，砂岩孔隙度随热成熟度增加而呈指数减小；2、构造动力成岩作用，盆地构造变形可以使砂岩的孔隙体积在相对短的时间内产生明显的变化，构造滑脱推覆作用比水平侧向挤压作用压实减孔量小，可保留更多的孔隙度；3、流体动力成岩作用，化学成岩反应是在流体参与下完成的，它改变了岩石的物理化学性质，改变了岩石的抗压强度。

By means of numerical simulation in different heat conduction processes, the steady-state temperature field in upper arm skin tissue, the temperature distribution and the burn depth threshold after 15 s exposure to a heat source at 90℃, the surface temperature rising of skin subjected to a surface-applied constant heat flux, and the steady state temperature elevation distribution under the thermal insulation, are obtained.

通过数值模拟，获得了不同皮肤组织结构模型下上臂皮肤组织内的稳态温度场和90℃高温热源作用15 s后皮肤组织内的温度分布，以及皮肤组织热损伤深度的变化、常热流作用下皮肤组织表面的温升曲线和表面绝热条件下皮肤组织内的稳态温升分布。

Comparison results show that heat pipe work is not continuous but fluctuant in one work cycle about five months,its actual working time is two-thirds of one work cycle,the cooling effect of heat pipe subgrade in winter is obvious,which is good for the contained cool increase of soil body and improves subgrade heat stabilization,there is a decrease for its cooling strength with the increase of horizontal distance,its effective operating radius is 2.25 m,its maximum cooling strength is in evaporation segment in depth direction,which low the thaw sensitivity of permafrost in the seasonal thaw layer about permafrost table.

研究发现，热棒在约为5个月的工作周期内并非连续工作而呈波动式，实际工作时间为工作周期的2/3；热棒路基冬季降温效果明显，有利于路基土体冷储量增加，提高路基热稳定性；热棒在路基中的降温强度，水平方向随距离增大而衰减，有效作用半径为2.25 m，深度方向在热棒蒸发段最大，降低上限附近季节融化层冻土热融敏感性。

According to thermodynamic law of conservation of mass and energy and heat transfer theory, a group of differential equations on thermal balance of cover, thermal balance of indoor air, thermal balance of multi-layers of north wall, thermal balance of multi-layers of soil, thermal balance of multi-layers of north roof and thermal balance of plant were built.

该文建立了日光温室热环境模拟模型，定量描述了日光温室内的太阳辐射、对流换热、辐射换热、热传导、自然通风和水分相变带来的潜热对日光温室热环境的影响，根据质能平衡和传热学理论，得到一组关于覆盖物、室内空气、温室分层后墙、分层地面土壤、分层后坡和作物热平衡的微分方程组。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。