内热

Firstly, the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement by oscillation heat surface is discussed in natural convection scene. For different oscillation amplitude and Rayleigh number, the frequency that the heat transfer rate of oscillation heat surface is higher than non-oscillation condition is found and called critical oscillation frequency. The limitation enhancement of similar physical model is still researched by this study in mixed and forced convection scenes for different amplitude and Grashof number. Generally, that a heat surface subject to a oscillation motion is advantageous to convective heat transfer is a well-known tuition.

首先探讨在垂直管道内振动高温面於自然对流领域内提升高温面热传效率的机制，并且针对不同的振幅与雷利数求得加入振动条件后，高温面散热效果可以优於稳态非振动高温面散热效果的临界振动频率；进而探讨当垂直管道流进入混合对流与强制对流范围时，在不同的振幅与葛瑞秀夫数下，亦可发现加入振动条件后，振动高温面之散热效果可以优於稳态非振动高温面散热效果的临界振动频率。

Firstly, the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement by oscillation heat surface is discussed in natural convection scene. For different oscillation amplitude and Rayleigh number, the frequency that the heat transfer rate of oscillation heat surface is higher than non-oscillation condition is found and called critical oscillation frequency. The limitation enhancement of similar physical model is still researched by this study in mixed and forced convection scenes for different amplitude and Grashof number.

首先探讨在垂直管道内振动高温面於自然对流领域内提升高温面热传效率的机制，并且针对不同的振幅与雷利数求得加入振动条件后，高温面散热效果可以优於稳态非振动高温面散热效果的临界振动频率；进而探讨当垂直管道流进入混合对流与强制对流范围时，在不同的振幅与葛瑞秀夫数下，亦可发现加入振动条件后，振动高温面之散热效果可以优於稳态非振动高温面散热效果的临界振动频率。

Then the surface of the star polymer was intramolecularly crosslinked using octa(3-azidopropyl)polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, POSS-(N_3)_8,as the inorganic multifunctional crosslinker at high dilution concentration via click chemistry,forming a novel POSS/polymer hybrid nanostructure.Thermogravimetric analysis shows that after surface crosslinking, the thermostability of the core crosslinked PS can be remarkably improved.In the second work,we synthesized of a novel polymer with quatrefoil-shaped topology.

接着，我们合成了一种结构规整的含八个叠氮功能团的无机分子—多面低聚倍半硅氧烷，以其为交联剂，我们通过Click反应在即稀浓度下实现了前驱体星型聚合物的分子内表面交联，得到了外层为无机分子交联，内层为有机高分子的星状高分子，这种新型的星状聚合物表现出了优良的热稳定性能。

Several rolls (7) are juxtaposed in a stationary machine housing, along a closed circumferential path. At each roll, a wafer cake, in the form of a hot plastically deformable material, is rolled up between a die (23) and a punch (14) to form a cone, while the rolls (7) move, turning along their path, from the input station to the output station of the cone forming machine.

在固定机架内沿一条封闭的循环轨道并列地排列有多个滚卷装置（7），在滚卷装置内每一块处于热的可塑性变形状态下的华夫饼在滚卷模（23）与滚卷芯棒（14）之间卷成圆锥形华夫卷，在此过程中滚卷装置（7）沿其循环轨道从机器的输入站运动到输出站。

This equipment fits for heating new sand with precoated sand heating method, main fuel is coal or broken hard coke While working, the rotating roller is heated in the furnace, new sand enters into the roller via the feeding tube and will be pushed, upgraded and stirred to be evenly heated under function of scraper.

本设备主要用于覆膜砂热法生产对新砂的加热，主要燃料为煤或碎焦碳。工作时，转动滚筒在炉内被加热，新砂经加料管进入滚筒内，在刮板作用下，不断被推进，提升和搅拌便被均匀加热。

With the use of electric heater and temperature controller, the average temperature of the sample box can be controlled to rang between 10 and 40 K, and uniform thermal gradient can be achieved.

通过液氦池下方的热连接杆使试样盒冷却，配合电加热器以及控温系统，使样品盒的平均温度可以在10K-40K的实验温度范围内连续调节，并能在3K/cm-15K/cm范围内实现温度梯度连续可调。

While in the vertical plate in this paper, the heat area of top air is smaller than that in the horizontal one and reduce the effect of heat transfer. At the same time, the problem of short circuit will be solved effectively due to the several flow path organized by the clapboard in the ice storage tank.

本文提出的立式封装板蓄冰设备，空气层集中在冰板上方的较小空间内，对换热效果的影响较小；同时用隔板将蓄冰槽内的冰板组织为若干流道，可有效地解决短路问题。

The wetness measurement equipment is designed and manufactured. In this equipment, the wet steam sample is heated from wet steam state to superheated state, The wall temperature of both tubes becomes equal by regulating their heating power respectively. Therefore, no any of heat loss, including no thermal radiation heat loss, exists.

设计研制了一套具有实用价值的加热法湿度测量装置，实现了既对所抽取的流动湿蒸汽试样进行加热和通过调节加热段部分的内管与外管各自的加热功率使两者温度相等，消除了内管与外管之间的各种散热损失，尤其是避免了以往的加热法测量装置中无法避免的高温元件向外的热辐射损失，从而提高了湿度测量的精确度。

In order to analyze the relationship between radiation heat transfer and thermo-efficiency, the radiant heat flux of the cylinder and thermal balance are measured. The results show that: The reduction of thermal radiant flux in the cylinder is the primary cause of the improvement of thermal efficiency of the engine.

为了研究发动机热效率和辐射传热量变化之间的关系，利用辐射传感器测量了柴油机燃用DMC柴油混合燃料后缸内辐射传热量，进行了热平衡实验，分析结果表明，添加含氧燃料后，发动机缸内辐射传热量的减少是导致其有效热效率的提高的主要原因。

The freeze profile defined in theoretical research is"the isothermal line of the freezing temperature of the molten electrolyte in the cell", while the other one is"the thoroughly solidificated molten electrolyte adhered firmly to the cell side wall, which can be measured by probes such as stainless steel rods".

以此为基础，结合作者提出的&热平衡在线自校验&方法，深入而细致地研究了&动态影响因素&中诸多工艺参数和操作参数对槽膛内形的影响和处理方法，提出了槽膛内形在线动态仿真的工艺技术方案。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。