内流的

Based on the review on the gas-particle two-phase models, the merits and drawbacks of various models were compared and analyzed. According to the characteristics of swirl-flow melting furnace, suitable gas turbulence model, gas-particle two-phase flow model and discrete phase model were chosen.

本文在总结气固两相流计算模型的基础上，结合旋风熔融炉内气固两相流的特点，分析对比了各类模型的优缺点，选择了适合于本文所研究的旋风熔融炉的气相湍流模型、气固两相流模型以及颗粒相的运动轨迹模型，并对旋风熔融炉内颗粒的受力进行了分析。

Computational results show that the interaction of turbulence and combustion in scramjet can't be ignored. Applying flamelet model to simulate turbulent combustion in scramjet is a good choice.

说明超燃冲压发动机内流场的湍流和燃烧相互作用比较强，火焰面模型比有限速率反应在模拟超燃冲压发动机内的燃烧流场更有优势。

The object of study was enzymatically dispersed single guinea-pig ventricular myocytes by using the classical patch-clamp technique.

故采用酶解豚鼠心室细胞为对象，采用经典膜片钳技术，观察索他洛尔对钠内流I〓、钙内流和不同钾外流的影响，探讨构成动作电位变化的离子流基础。

The inlet internal flow structure was well visu-alized by the schlieren photographs and pressure data.

采用纹影方法，结合压力测量对进气道内流结构进行诊断，同时用Yee的TVD有限差分格式通过求解二维N─S方程对相应实验状态下的进气道内流场进行了数值模拟。

Results show that there is much local secondary flow in square cyclone besides main vortex, such as spiral down-stream near surface and spiral up-steam at central zone.

结果表明：方形分离器内除外涡旋与内涡旋等主流外，还存在许多局部的二次流，这些二次流是影响分离器的分离效率的主要因素之一；结构参数的变化对二次流的强度及位置产生影响，进而影响分离器的分离效率。

Results show that there is much local secondary flow in square cyclone besides main vortex, such as spiral down-stream near surface and spiral up-steam at central zone. The secondary flow is one of the effect factors on the collection performance of square cyclone. The cyclone geometry size affects on the intensity and the position of the secondary flow, and then affects on the separation efficiency of the cyclone.

结果表明：方形分离器内除外涡旋与内涡旋等主流外，还存在许多局部的二次流，这些二次流是影响分离器的分离效率的主要因素之一；结构参数的变化对二次流的强度及位置产生影响，进而影响分离器的分离效率。

According to the characteristic of the secondary flow of the oxygen turbopump,the nodes are distributed and the whole fluid flow network model is developed.

根据涡轮氧泵内流路的工作特点，对其进行节点划分，建立了完整的内流路拓扑网络。

The results of this study indicate that changing the angle of the intake port has a profound effect on the flow field during the intake stroke of the engine cycle. For the case with the intake-exhaust valves canted at zero degree (the so-called vertical valves), the tumble ratio, swirl ratio, turbulent intensity, and turbulent kinetic energy in the direction perpendicular to the bisecting plane of the cylinder are at their highest levels than those obtained for the other cases. This effect is most pronounced after the compression stroke of the cycle. As a result of this study, it is observed that the behavior of the overall flow field from the intake to the completion of compression stroke has a major impact on the effectiveness of the mixing of fuel-air prior to the ignition of the engine cycle.

结果显示，改变进排气阀的倾斜角度对进气期间的流场变化有很明显的影响，其中以垂直阀(进排气阀倾斜0度)所得的 Y轴向(Y方向系垂直於将汽缸对分为二平面的方向)滚流强度、涡漩比、紊流强度、紊流动能等流场强度为最强；若以流体经活塞压缩后的流场特性进行探讨，所得结果显示压缩冲程对汽缸内流场的效应是不容忽视的；因此由进气到压缩过程结束的整体流场现象，才是影响引擎点火前的油气混合程度与燃烧品质的关键。

In order to study the intake air flow characteristics in four-valve diesel engines, in this dissertation hot-wire anemometer and PIV twodimension instantaneous measuring technique are used. Extensive experimental study on two intake valve exit flow fields and longitudinal section flow field in cylinder are performed for different type of diesel engines. Great researching progress have been made on the interaction between two intake ports, and the formation process of in-cylinder swirl and flow field structure of cross and longitudinal section for four valve diesel engines. These results are presented in China for the first time and without such kind of research work reported abroad as detailed and deepgoing as this dissertation. The author designs and makes a set of hot wire measuring velocity device to measure the velocity distribution around the intake valve annulus and the cross section flow field in cylinder.

为了研究四气门柴油机进气过程中气体流动的变化规律，本文利用热线测速和PIV二维瞬态测速技术，对四气门柴油机两进气门出口全圆周流速场和缸内横、纵剖面的气体流动流场进行了大量的试验研究，在四气门柴油机两进气道之间相互影响的变化规律，缸内涡流的形成过程及缸内横、纵剖面流场结构等方面取得了重大的研究进展，这一研究工作在国内尚属首次，在国外也未见有如此全面、深入的研究报道。

FLUENT-CFD Software is used to simulate the flow and heat transfer in a rectangular passage with the arrays of circle-shaped, similar-drop-shaped, elliptic-shaped and water drop-shaped columns.

运用FLUENTCFD商用软件对装有圆形、准水滴形、椭圆形和水滴形4种扰流柱叉排阵列矩形通道内的流动和换热进行了三维数值模拟，获得了通道内流场、压力场以及局部对流换热系数分布的基本特征，并对扰流柱通道的换热特性和压力损失特性进行了对比分析。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。