内扭转

As applications, the 2nd elastic moduli are used to explain the effect of chiral angle on asymmetry behavior of torsion, and finite deformation problems of single-walled carbon nanotubes are successfully simulated by the thin shell model.

作为应用：利用面内的2阶模量解释了纳米管螺旋角相关的力学行为：扭转不对称现象。利用薄壳模型成功模拟了单壁纳米管的大变形弹性失稳行为。

The static model of torsion joint is based on that of bending joint. The effects of structure parameters inside air pressure, initial angle, rube average radius, rube shell thickness on the turning angle are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the relationship between the angle of torsion joint and the inside air pressure is basically linear, the angle of torsion joint increases with the initial angle and rube average radius, the angle of torsion joint decreases while the rube shell thickness increases. The kinetic equation is built for torsion joint. Simulating experiment implies that the time of inflating and deflating process is extremely shorter than that of kinetic process. So the pneumatic process can be ignored in actual system design and control. The factors that affect the dynamic features of torsion joint, such as shell thickness of rubber tube, average radius, initial angle, connector's outlet area, moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient, are analyzed and the following conclusions are drawn: the change of rube shell thickness has no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure while greatly affects the turning angle of torsion joint; when the rube shell thickness is small, the torsion joint has a bigger turning angle, no overshoot and long risetime, when the shell thickness is big, the turning angle of torsion joint is small, but has high response speed, overshoot and low shock; when the rube average radius increases, the turning angle of torsion joint increases and the overshoot increases too; when the initial angle of torsion joint is big, the turning joint is big, the overshoot is small and shock is low, but the risetime is big; the connector's outlet area affects the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure greatly, but has no effects on the dynamic process of turning angle; moment of inertia and viscous damping coefficient have no effects on the dynamic process of FPA inside air pressure, but affect the dynamic process of turning angle greatly.

在弯曲关节模型推导的基础上，建立扭转关节的静态模型，并分析了扭转关节内腔压力，初始转角，橡胶管平均半径，橡胶管壁厚等参数对关节转角的影响，得出扭转关节的转动角度与充入FPA内腔的压缩气体压力之间基本呈线性关系，扭转关节的转角随初始角度和橡胶管平均半径的增大而增大，扭转关节的转角随橡胶管壁厚的增大而减小的结论；建立了扭转关节的动力学方程，仿真实验表明FPA的充放气过程与扭转关节的动力学过程相比时间极短，在实际系统设计和控制过程中可以忽略不计；分析讨论橡胶管壁厚，平均半径，初始角度，气体节流口面积，转动惯量，粘性阻尼系数等因素对扭转关节动态特性的影响，得出橡胶管初始壁厚的变化对扭转关节FPA内腔压力的动态响应几乎没有影响而对关节转角的响应曲线影响比较明显，壁厚较小时，关节可以得到较大的转角，并且转角的响应曲线没有超调，但上升时间长，壁厚较大时，关节转角变小，响应加快，但是有超调和轻微振荡现象，橡胶管平均半径越大，得到的关节转角越大，但是转角响应的超调量也随之增大，FPA的初始角度越大，关节的转角越大，并且超调量减小，振荡减弱，但是上升时间增大，管接头出口面积的大小对关节FPA内腔压力的建立过程影响较大，但对关节转角的动态响应几乎没有影响，转动惯量和粘性阻尼系数对FPA内腔压力的动态过程几乎没有影响而对扭转关节转角有较大影响等结论。

During the experiment, the circular grating with 1200 grating lines was adopted, and the precision of the twist angle (less than 0.001°) was acquired while the rotational speed of the principal axis is within the range of 0～1500r/min.

实验中，测量系统采用1200条刻线的圆光栅，在主轴转速为0～1500r/min的范围内测量其扭矩，扭转角精度小于0.001°。

And it was divided into four groups at randomly (n=6),The vertical compression,bending and torsion intensity in without and with reduction of cortical fragment of plate fixated contra side, without and with reduction of cortical fragment of plate fixated sidewere measured.A11 results were analyzed with statistic method.2、animal experiment :The 12 adult goats were divided into two group at randomly,wedged cortical defect with 1 cm of long and conjugate diameter was created in the middle-part of the medial femur and plate was fixed in the defect side and as the experimental side,the other side was control.after operation 4、8、12 weeks,investigation of the fracture healing by means of gross observation,X-ray examination and histology in both sides.

测试各组的垂直压缩、三点弯曲及抗扭转的刚度。2、动物实验：12只健康成年山羊，雌雄不限，体重在20～25kg之间，在同一只羊双侧股骨中段内侧制造楔形骨皮质缺损，分实验组和对照组两组进行钢板内固定并植骨，于术后4、8、12周对实验组及对照组行X线正位片检查，观察骨折愈合过程中不同时间点的影像学特点。于4、8、12周各组处死4只动物行大体标本观察，并取缺损区骨组织行组织学检查。X线检查及组织学检查结果根据LaneX线评分标准及组织学评分标准进行评分。最后采用SPSS13.0进行统计学分析。

Methods 40 healthy adult Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups, sham operation group (group A, n=10), torsion/detorsion group (group B, n=10), single astragalus plus detorsion group (group C, n=10), successive astragalus plus detorsion group (group D, n=10). Testicular torsion/detorsion model was established in terms of turner methods.

将40只健康雄性Wistar大鼠分为4组，分别为假手术对照组，睾丸扭转／复位组，睾丸扭转／复位＋单次腹腔内注射黄芪注射液组及扭转／复位＋连续腹腔内注射黄芪注射液组，每组10只。

It's great they now have a way to turn around a fix in 24 hours.

而他们现在有办法在24小时内扭转情况，这是很了不起的。

Flexible pneumatic torsion joint is another application of FPA. A torsion joint is mainly composed of two arcual FPAs, which can realize turning movement in a plane.

气动柔性扭转关节是FPA的另一个应用，扭转关节主要由两个弧形的FPA构成，可以在平面内形成旋转运动。

In the expariment,18 pieces of moist fresh humeri were used.Results Inpull and compress test,the high level of break load of BLIN was close to that ofboth-ends transverse-interlocking intramedullary nail.

采用18根湿润新鲜肱骨标本进行实验，比较分叉交锁髓内钉与其它三种内固定物固定之肱骨骨折在抗轴向拉伸及压缩、抗弯曲、抗扭转的强度和刚度等方面的差异性。

Fix the blades to the plug fixture and tie the cord to the grip with stripped conductors outside on which the crocodile clips clamp.Afterward,hang the weight assembly onto the grip hook to perform the above test.

试 法是将插头片固定于插座内，导线尾端连结冲击锤杆并连结到电线通断指示灯的插座内，设定好试验次数及突拉高度后即可测试突拉，之后吊上砝码进行扭转试验及接地电流试验。

In analysis, the whole deformation system is assumed to be composed of the rigid crosssection deformation, the warping deformation produced by torsion, and the deformation in the direction within the cross-section, in which, the torsional deformation effects are well considered.

以平截面假设所确立的变形和扭转所引起的翘曲变形以及截面内方向的附加变形组成截面上材料的整个变形体系，较好地考虑了扭转内力的翘曲及畸变效应。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。